Russian Investors to the Declining Exchange Rate

Question: Portray about the Response for Russian Investors to the Declining Exchange Rate of the Ruble in Comparison to Euros? Answer: Assessment of Russian speculators As per reports of Financial Times, the speculation atmosphere of Russia is ideal for different organizations since Russian Stock market is the least expensive on the planet regarding value (www.ft.com, 2015). Dominant part of the Russian populace is taught and have enormous measures of normal riches. The progression in innovation in Russia has been workable for the blessed messenger financial specialists of Russia. Holy messenger, speculators are the people with high measures of budgetary assets who are energetic in financing fire up adventures consequently of a critical level of profits (www.sec.gov, 2013). The nearness of tremendous number of heavenly attendant financial specialists in Russia has helped the nation to fabricate innovative ventures like Kaspersky Lab, Boeing airplane industrial facility, Microsoft and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Yergin and Gustafson, 1993). The Russian financial specialists are likewise noted to assume acknowledgment credits. The minimizat ion in the Russian credit has made the speculators remarkable about the cons of the credit offices. The conclusion of the remote capital markets is additionally making it fundamental for the blessed messenger speculators of Russia to put resources into the capital markets in light of the fact that in the present situation it is hard for the Russian organizations to get financing. Remote venture openings are solid in Russia contrasted with different nations in view of the modest costs of the speculations (www.ft.com, 2015). Segments of Russian speculation European association positions as the main exchanging accomplice of Russia representing around 41% of the exchange relations between the two nations. Aside from EU a portion of different parts where Russia makes speculation are China, USA, Japan, Turkey, Switzerland, South Korea and so on. Russian venture is additionally recorded in UK. Russia made $ 11 bn interest in various businesses of UK. The UK associations by and large advantages from Russias monetary framework and ideal assessment conditions. According to the study reports of UNCTAD, Russia was positioned as the eighth greatest financial specialist economy in 2012 after US who was positioned first and UK who was positioned fifth (unctad.org, 2015). The capital speculation choices are dangerous in Russia in light of the fact that for the capital ventures the Russia financial specialists should figure the Net Present Value (NPV) for every speculation. Zones of Russian venture Russian speculation is significantly found in the vitality part of nations like US, UK and China. Since larger part of the speculators in Russia are holy messenger speculators with enormous measure of money related assets subsequently they significantly put resources into the star up organization extends that may produce starting misfortune for the financial specialist however will create high benefits on the development and development periods (ccsi.columbia.edu, 2015) Aside from these nations, Russia has likewise made significant interests in the power part of Georgia. The reports of the World Bank recommend that the absence of straightforwardness in the power segment of Georgia and the nearness of neighborly laws concerning the outside interests in Georgia are the significant explanations for the inspiration for the Russian financial specialists. Russias interest in Cyprus to assist the nation with overcoming the obligation emergency has been one of the exchange connection techniques of the Russian financial specialists. The speculators in Russia put around $33 billion in Cyprus and consequently, Cyprus put around $ 65 billion in Russia. The shared speculation and the guarantee of Russia of monetary assistance for Cyprus in conquering the delayed consequences of obligation offered ascend to a common exchanging connection among Russia and Cyprus (BBC News, 2013). Divisions demonstrating best returns According to the Forbes, the buyer staple industry, is the most great industry that produces more significant yields contrasted with money related part. Aside from these, segment different parts like the wellbeing and body care items, apparel organizations, refreshments and home great items are additionally viewed as a portion of the great return providing segments. As indicated by Frolov (2011) the agrarian division, the FDI and the vitality segments are among the parts that gives great comes back to a financial specialist. In spite of the fact that interest in bonds and basic stock can give fluid comes back to the financial specialist, anyway these types of venture don't give great return. A portion of the low beta areas like Consumer staples, medicinal services, utilities and media transmission give great comes back to the financial specialists (European Dept, 2013). According to the reports of the Morning Star the normal returns that the Russian speculators may anticipate from interest in these areas of USA and EU are as per the following: Divisions USA EU Banking and money related division - 6.30 - 3.83 Oil industry 9.1% 8.59% Programming 23.33% 32.01% Horticulture 0.31% - 0.17% Table1: Average returns in individual ventures (Source: News.morningstar.com, 2015) Divisions where speculation gets fluid As per Kopsov (2010) the ventures that can be handily changed over into fluid money through sell or can be effortlessly pulled back from the banks are by and large named as the fluid speculations. The significant parts where the financial specialist may anticipate that the venture should become fluid are commonly the interests in stock, shared assets, fluid resources like store of money in banks and so forth. Russia has gigantic open doors in China. The colossal populace of China has made the nation monetarily fluid for the speculation reason. Besides the political and military dangers are additionally low in China subsequently the interests in the bonds and debentures can end up being fluid speculations for the financial specialists. Aside from that the other fluid segments of venture are the vitality areas and the rural divisions. Political and prudent associations Russia EU relations The Russian alliance and EU are significant accomplices in various key divisions specifically economy, vitality and security. Barysch, Coker and Jesien (2011) opined that the political relations between the two nations have reinforced because of their joined exertion in killing the relocation issues, sorted out wrongdoing and psychological oppression. Despite the fact that the Russian and EU financial relations are relied upon to develop anyway the political connection is getting shaky. To keep up the exchanging relations among Russia and EU the standards of the 1994 Partnership Co activity Agreement are acknowledged. The political situation is controlled from four distinct possibilities specifically economy and condition, opportunity, security and equity, outside security and examination and training. Russia is profoundly reliant on EU for the interest in the oil and gas segment. Henceforth, the nation needs to keep up great political relations with EU so the potential oil ventures are not hampered. In any case, the political circumstance between the two nations compounded after the Ukraine emergency. EU gave certain guidelines against Russia that limited Russias exchange relations with EU. Russias arrangements for joining of OECD and International Energy Agency were denied by EU. Further, the EU-Russia highest point was canceled and the Russia visa issues were suspended (Cleutinx Piper, 2008). Russia United States Both Russia and United States keeps up a strategic relationship as far as governmental issues and economy. Anyway as far as monetary relations Russia and US shows an uneven relationship. Russia is the twentieth biggest exchanging accomplice of US and on the opposite US is the fifth biggest exchanging accomplice of Russia. This demonstrates Russia is bringing in more contrasted with the fare rate with USA. The political unrest emerges because of the inner mediation of US on the tax assessment and obligation collected frameworks of Russia. At first in the 1947 the battle between the US and Russia for control in specific areas offered ascend to the virus war. Later the appropriation of the various settlements contributed in making harmony between the two nations. Since Russia is well known as a provider of arms and ammo, thus the political military circle is the most significant segment of Russia US relations (Kaskarelis, 2010).With the appearance of the Kyoto Protocol the EU-Russian re lationship as far as speculations were reinforced. The EU-Russian vitality reliance has made the political and financial conditions solid between the two nations (Trenin, 2007). US-EU The US-EU connection is significant in regard of exchange and policy centered issues be that as it may; both the nations are common partners in the matter of legitimate procedures (Jovic-Lazic, 2012). The Relation between these two nations depend on the Transatlantic Declaration of 1990. The rule of this guideline expresses that both the nations will embrace a discretionary connection in legislative issues, economy, instruction, science and culture. The two nations joined together speak to around 60% of the worldwide GDP and 33% of the global exchange. The Transatlantic Economic Council built up the direct financial guidelines between the two nations. A portion of the current issues between the two nations are with respect to arms and ammo gracefully, utilization of hereditarily adjusted nourishments, safeguard agreements, Boeing and Airbus endowments and capital disciplines. The arms and guard help from Russia to EU and the biasness of EU towards the Russian plane producer Boeing as far as protection contract sanctions were matters of political unrest among EU and US (Cameron, 2010). Correlation of fundamental segments The interest in the banking and money related divisions of USA can yield fluid returns anyway the rigid financial arrangement of EU shows that the interest in the financial segment won't be productive. Additionally, the agrarian speculation and the interest in the vitality division are both productive in the EU segment contrasted with USA. The European Energy Efficiency Fund is additionally created in EU to produce interests in the states under EU. The vitality part in US includes the venture by the privat

10 People Youll Find in High School

Regardless of whether youre as of now in secondary school, or you graduated 5 years back, I wager you can in any case recall the names of everybody on this rundown. Dont trust me? Run this rundown through with me.1. The Overachiever You know, that one child. You’re sitting toward the year's end praises gathering, doing whatever it takes not to nod off, and he/she gets called up for the participation grant. At that point the academic honor. At that point the citizenship grant, at that point the†¦ Well, you overlooked the rest, however you’re almost certain he/she won those, as well. Wash, do this process again for next year’s praises gathering. 2. The Real-Life Regina George All things considered, perhaps that’s a touch of an embellishment, however every secondary school has their mean young ladies. This one stands out, flipping her flawlessly twisted hair behind her as she swings her fresh out of the plastic new Versace sack and dishes the most recent tattle to her group. What's more, much the same as Regina, you’ll never observe this young lady without her hench(wo)men. 3. The Pleasantly Clueless JockHe’s adorable, he’s athletic, he generally has that marginally befuddled grin on his face†¦ Welcome to the universe of Football/Baseball/Hockey/Basketball/Lacrosse Boy, where everything is somewhat of a haze until the major event. There’s nothing unsafe about this person, aside from possibly his GPAâ€but everyone cherishes him no different. All things considered, when he scores the match dominating touchdown, who even recollects what he jumped on that one science test? 4. THAT CoupleThat’s right, them. Directly over yonder. On the off chance that you’re in school while understanding this, there’s at any rate one sets in your field of vision right nowâ€oh, there they go. In addition to the fact that they spend each waking second together, however they likewise appear to be bordered by the handâ€it’s so charming, you could hurl. Furthermore, in the event that you discover them snuggling in the extremely open cafeteria once again, you likely will. 5. The SleeperWe all know a high schooler’s rest plan isn’t constantly standard, and matching that with a monotone instructor is a deadly blend. Be that as it may, this child isn’t your normal nod off once sort of guyâ€oh, no. He’s wheezing when class is five minutes in, and the chime won’t even wake him toward the end. You think you might’ve seen him in foyer yesterday conveying a Snuggie over his arm, however it could’ve been somebody else†¦ well actually, it was certainly him. 6. The Social Media QueenYou could swear this girl’s telephone is just an expansion of her arm. She sits clattering endlessly at the console all through English and Calculus, carelessly navigates Snapchat Stories during Physics, and laughs at Tweets during History. On the off chance that you ever need to know something about somebody, you realize who to come toâ€you don’t know how, and perhaps you don’t need to know how, yet this young lady can compose a word reference on any individual in the school just by following their Instagram. 7. The HipsterIf you concede you are one, you aren’tâ€this is the ever-confounding oddity of fashionable person dom. They don’t appear to mind, thoughâ€the overwhelmingly huge glasses and noisy playing of cloud groups may have darkened a portion of their faculties, purchase they coexist with the vast majority fine and dandy. 8. The Self-Proclaimed Nerd Thing that should be comprehended: Having glasses doesn't make you a geek, increment your knowledge, or modify your character in any capacity whatsoever. 9. The Actual NerdGirl, fellow or other, geeks are the couple of and the pleased. Being â€Å"nerdy† is simply getting truly amped up for things the vast majority don’t get energized aboutâ€sure, the Superbowl is on today around evening time, yet didn’t you found out about the most up to date disclosure in the LHC? Nerdship, my companions, is a symbol of respect; treat it like one!10. The Person Who Cannot Be Defined by a Simple Stereotype†¦aka, everybody. You may sort your Skittles into little heaps of various hues since you know every single one of a similar shade will taste the equivalent, however it’s wrong-if not hazardous to endeavor to do likewise with people. Albeit numerous individuals in your school most likely do, talk and act in the methods of one of these nine exaggerations, I can actually ensure that they are far beyond that. As are you.

1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has

1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has 1.A Bank Is Worried About Losing Money Because Of Fraud. So, It Has Decided To Introduce A â€" Essay Example > XxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxLecturerXxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxAugust 3rd, 2012. Introduction For many years the banking industry has been faced with issues related to the fraud and tremendous steps have been made so as to ensure that that they do not lose money because of fraud. In response to this issue the bank have decided to introduce a biometric system where the customers will use iris recognition so as to be able to access their bank accounts. Biometric system are termed as the automatic recognition systems that are used to recognize a specific distinctive characteristic or a personal trait of a certain individual and it is used to identify the individuals or verify that the individual is the one he claims to be (Daugman n. d). The IRIS is seen as a major feature that can be used since it is a more protected organ and it is less prone to injury. This method of recognition is termed as the process u sed to recognize an individual by analyzing the random iris pattern (Daugman n. d). The biometric system been used raises some issues related to the privacy of the customers data as well as effectiveness of the system when implemented in the bank. Hence the thesis statement of the paper is: do the use of the iris biometric system aid in reducing fraud cases in banks. Argument 1: Privacy As compared to other existing technologies Biometric system have a great effect on the privacy of individuals. If iris recognition biometrics can be deployed in the right manner they can actually protect privacy but if not applied they can lead to a loss of personal privacy. Privacy of an individual data is seen as a major concern to most individuals. There seems to be an unvarying challenge of trying to solve privacy issues in biometrics systems. The iris biometric data are very personal information since they contain information about an individual. They are considered as been among the most sens itive since they are fixed and can rarely be changed and though certain medical procedures may alter the iris the fine texture that is associated with the iris rarely changes. Counter argument However to counter argue the statement in as much as the biometric system at times ensures the privacy of personal information sometimes this individual right is at times not adhered to. Sometimes fraudsters are able to get the private information regarding a certain client thus the privacy of information is not achieved though it is one of the major reason behind the implementation of the iris recognition biometric method. There are also other instances in which a customer can be forced to give his details against his own will. Privacy is also major concern since the data collected about the clients may be at times used for other purposes rather than the main purpose for which it was intended for. The possibility of multiple uses of the data collected is relatively high. In instances when t he identifier is collected as well as stored in a database, the is easily accessible and can at times be matched against any other future samples though at times they are usually collected to entirely different purposes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ford Motors in Building a...

Advantages and disadvantages of Ford Motors in building a social networking plan. Table of Contents 1.Introduction3 2.Main Findings3 2.1 Ford Motors Social Presence3-4 2.2 Current Social Activities4 2.3 Other Online and offline Marketing Channels4 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ford Motors Social Presence4-5 3. ANALYSIS5-6 3.1 Strategies to improve customer engagement 6-7 4. CONCLUSION7 5. REFERENCES8 6. APPENDICIES9-18 1. INTRODUCTION This report is going to assess the advantages and disadvantages of Ford Motors in building a social networking plan. Firstly, a brief explanation of Ford motors nature of the business and the type of social networking channels they use. Next, the advantages and disadvantages of Ford Motors social†¦show more content†¦The competition ran took place between 5th November to 18th November, 2012. Entry requirements were as follows: * You need to have a US shipping address. * You must follow @MSFTWEB on Twitter (so we can DM you) and you must tweet using the #SYNC5 hash tag. The winner’s names were posted on twitter and they sent direct messages to them on details of their addresses.(See Appendix 10) Even though Ford had partnered with Microsoft, they did not promote the competition enough for customers to know about it. Ford motors also uses celebrities to promote their products through the social media, Recently Formula one race drive Ken Block tweeted about Fords new product the Ford ST which is expected to be in the market in the near future (See Appendix 11). Ken Block has 201,350 followers which are more than Ford motors followers, this means he is able to reach out to more people and increase awareness of the new product. The biggest risk Ford has taken with social networking was in 2010. Ford became the first car manufacturer to unveil a new model via Facebook rather than a car show, (Brad Insight, 2011a). 2.3 . OTHER ONLINE AND OFFLINE MARKETING CHANNELS. Ford motors use other marketing channels like TV and radio adverts, Direct mail and cinema adverts. 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The ABCs of Teaching Affirmations for Teachers

Teaching is a dynamic, rewarding, and challenging career, but some days can test the mettle of even the most passionate teachers. One strategy for banishing negativity from your job outlook is to use positive affirmations. This uplifting list of affirmations can brighten your spirit and be a reminder of all the things you love about teaching. A I am adventurous. I want my students to come to class wondering what adventure we will have today.   I am constantly searching for ways to engage my students, to make learning fun, and avoid the status quo.I am aware. I understand that each of my students are individuals who face unique challenges, have individual learning styles, and have their own strengths and weaknesses. B I am beloved. I am leaving behind a legacy. The lessons I teach my students will last a lifetime. My students think highly of me and will cherish the time we were able to spend together.I am big-hearted. I know that many of my students fight personal battles that I cannot begin to fathom. I love my students and wish I could give each of them the life they deserve. C I am collaborative. I engage parents, students, community members, and other teachers in the educational process.I am creative. I resourcefully pull together activities and resources and mold them into engaging lessons that my students respond positively to. D I am determined. I will not give up on any student. I will find a way to make a difference. I am relentless in my pursuit of educating every student.I am diligent. I leave no stone unturned. If there is a way, I will find it. I love every phase of my job and attack each aspect ferociously. E I am encouraging.  I talk my students up. I tell them they can do it, when others tell them they can’t. Our mindset is positive. We can accomplish anything.I am engaging.  I keep my students focused. I have attention grabbers built into every lesson. Once I have them hooked, I know they can and will learn. F I am focused.  I have professional goals that I am determined to achieve. I know where I need to get my students, and I have a plan to get them there.I am friendly. I greet everyone with a smile. I laugh and joke with my students so that they know I am not a robot. I am approachable and easy to talk to. G I am grateful.  I do not take for granted the opportunities and tasks that are bestowed on me. It is an honor to work with the students I am given.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am growing.  I understand my strengths and weaknesses. I am continuously seeking out valuable professional development opportunities to help me improve. H I am hard working. I often arrive early and stay late. I am continuously thinking about how to improve and conduct regular research to find tools to do my job better.I am honest. I do not hide who I am or what I do. I answer each question truthfully and own up to mistakes when I make them. I I am inspiring. I want to be an example for my students. I want them to become a better person as a result of the interactions that we have together.I am interactive.  My classroom is student centered. We conduct regular hands-on, exploratory activities. My students take ownership in projects and lessons. J I am just.  I am always fair. I carefully weigh any decision taking the â€Å"who and what† into consideration. No decision is taken lightly.I am joyful.  I celebrate with my students when they are successful. This is not limited to my classroom. I believe that all successes should be celebrated jubilantly. K I am kind.  I help my students when I know they need assistance. I check on them when they are sick and let them know I care when they lose someone.I am knowledgeable.  I am a content expert. I understand how to use instructional strategies, regularly incorporate technology, and differentiate instruction to reach every student. L I am likable.  I relate well to my students. I work hard to find a common ground. I talk to my students about my hobbies and interests.I am lucky.  I have been blessed with an opportunity to make an impact. It is not something I take lightly. Every day I have the ability to make a difference. M I am modern.  I will not be teaching the same way five years from now. I change with the times and keep things fresh. I am always updating my classroom and methodology.I am motivating.  I bring out the best in my students. I am ever aware of which students require extra prodding and find ways to reach them. N I am noble.  I hold myself accountable for my actions and have high expectations for myself. I strive to set an example by having outstanding character.I am nurturing.  I foster relationships with my students. I learn which students respond to constructive criticism and which students require a more gentle approach. O I am organized. Everything in my classroom has a place. Organization aids with preparation and ultimately keeps the flow of the classroom going in the right direction.I am original.  There is only one of me. I am unique. My classroom and my style are my own creation. What I do cannot be duplicated. P I am prepared. All my materials are ready to go well in advance of the lesson. I plan for surprises and over plan so that there is little downtime.I am professional.  I conduct myself appropriately inside and outside of my school. I adhere to each of the professional expectations of my district. Q I am quick-witted.  I can respond quickly and appropriately to student comments or actions in a manner that quickly diffuses a potentially tense situation.I am quirky. I can be unconventional, outlandish, and crazy because I know that my students respond positively to that. R I am reflective.  I am constantly evaluating my approach and making changes. I reflect on what I can change to make improvements on a daily basis.I am respectful.  I give respect to each student because I know it is the only way to earn their respect. I value each person as an individual and embrace their differences. S I am safe.  Nothing matters to me more than keeping my students safe. I will lay down my own life if necessary. My classroom is a safe haven for all of my students.I am structured.  I have well-established expectations and procedures. I hold my students accountable for their actions. Distractions are kept to a minimum. T I am tactful.  I am diplomatic and choose my words carefully because I know my words can be turned against me. There are times that I bite my tongue because what I have to say can only get me in trouble.I am thoughtful. I care about those I work with and recognize their contributions. I go out of my way to show my appreciation for my co-workers who do an outstanding job and make mine easier. U I am underappreciated.  There are people who discount me because I teach. There are people who do not like me because I teach. My students know my value, and that is what matters to me.I am unselfish.  I am willing to go the extra mile for my students. I arrive early or stay late to tutor struggling students. I make sacrifices so that my students have every opportunity to be successful. V I am valuable. What I do matters. My students are better off for having me as a teacher.  I bring value in ensuring that every student shows significant gains during their time with me.I am versatile.  I am able to change my approach to fit the learning styles in my classroom. I can teach multiple subjects across multiple grade levels effectively. W I am whimsical.  I take advantage of teachable moments. I understand that some of the most memorable lessons will be those that I did not plan to teach.I am willing.  I will do whatever it takes to ensure that each student is successful. I am willing to find the answers to the tough questions. I am flexible in my approach. X I am xenodochial.  I welcome anyone to visit my classroom.  I want to be an integral part of my community and as such I talk to any constituent that I can about our school and education.I am an X factor.  I am a difference maker. I could be the one teacher with the ability to reach that student that no one has been able to reach before. Y I am yielding.  I understand that some things are beyond my control. There will be occasional interruptions, and I must be flexible and go with the flow.I am youthful.  I may get older, but seeing me students learn fuels me. It excites me and invigorates me when a student has an â€Å"aha† moment. Z I am zany.  I am willing to make crazy deals with my students if it motivates them. I am not afraid to get my hands dirty if it pushes my students to put more effort into learning.I am zealous.  I am passionate about teaching and learning. No one can question my commitment to the profession or to my students.

Vomiting Free Essays

Your body has a few main ways to respond to an ever-changing, wide variety of invaders and irritants. Sneezing ejects the intruders from the nose, coughing from the lungs and throat, diarrhea from the intestines, and vomiting from the stomach. Vomiting is a forceful action accomplished by a fierce, downward contraction of the diaphragm muscle. We will write a custom essay sample on Vomiting or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, the abdominal muscles tighten against a relaxed stomach with an open gastroesophageal sphincter. The contents of the stomach are propelled up and out. As part of a bodily reflex, you may produce more saliva just before vomiting. Vomiting is a complex, coordinated reflex orchestrated by the vomiting center of the brain. It responds to signals coming from: †¢The mouth, stomach, and intestines †¢The bloodstream, which may contain medicines or infections †¢The balancing systems in the ear (motion sickness) †¢The brain itself, including unsettling sights, smells, or thoughts An amazing variety of stimuli can trigger vomiting, from migraines to kidney stones. Sometimes, just seeing someone else vomit will start you vomiting, in your body’s effort to protect you from possible exposure to the same danger. Vomiting is common. Almost all children will vomit several times during their childhood. In most cases, it is due to a viral gastrointestinal infection. Spitting up, the gentle sloshing of stomach contents up and out of the mouth, sometimes with a burp, is an entirely different process. Some spitting up is normal for babies, and usually gets gradually better over time. If spitting up worsens or is more frequent, it might be reflux disease. Discuss this with your child’s doctor. Most of the time, nausea and vomiting do not require urgent medical attention. However, if the symptoms continue for days, they are severe, or you cannot keep down any food or fluids, you may have a more serious condition. Dehydration is the main concern with most vomiting. How fast you become dehydrated depends on your size, frequency of vomiting, and whether you also have diarrhea. How to cite Vomiting, Essay examples

Newmans sermon on the feast of St. Monica in the year 1856

In the sermon Intellect, the Instrument of Religious Training, John Henry Newman persuades his congregation that intellectual knowledge and religion should not be alienated (Newman 85). Newman is an icon in the history of the Church of England. He was a priest and an intellect. He wrote several religious articles in the 19th century (Hasson 1). Newman was a key founder of the Catholic University of Ireland.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Newman’s sermon on the feast of St. Monica in the year 1856 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above-mentioned sermon was delivered at the University Church, Dublin in 1856 (Guiley 65). In the sermon, Newman explores the risk of self-sufficiency, which is the notion that an individual can exist without God. Academic tone, analogy, comparison, and similes are the techniques employed by Newman to deliver a strong and persuasive sermon. This rhetorical analysis paper focus es on Newman’s sermon on the feast of St. Monica in the year 1856. Based on the sermon’s delivery location, the sermon was conveyed to university students and staff. The sermon was delivered to individuals who shared different views with the preacher. In his sermon, Newman believes that a number of intellects separate intellectual knowledge from religion. He persuades them that the two fields should not be separated, and that they have coexisted peacefully from time immemorial (Ker 67). Newman was very knowledgeable with his subject. This gave him the adequate credibility to convince his congregation that religion and intellect should not be separated. As such, he notifies the congregation that his sermon do not dispute the common doctrines held by intellects. According to his arguments, the differences between religion and intellect have resulted in controversies. His main wish is for the two fields to unite and coexist in harmony (Ker 67). He is successful at convinc ing undergraduates about the importance of religion in their lives. His opinions were well organized and they were made more appealing with the use of logos and pathos. Newman commences his sermon using an analogy to aid the audience understanding of the character of St. Monica. He asserts that St. Monica was not a teacher, evangelist, or a bishop and did not own an office, but was a widow who spent sleepless nights praying and wandering for her son to be brought back to life. Similarly, Newman asserts that after her son was brought back to life, he did not only become a saint but also a physician. Through this stylistic device, the preacher is able to put across the character of St. Monica by using the blueprint of teacher, evangelist, bishop, and administrator as a starting point for understanding her identity. Similarly, Newman conveys the son’s identity by using the blueprint of a saint and a doctor as a way of revealing his personality.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this, the preacher is able to create a psychological link between the different personalities in the minds of the congregation to help them come up with an understanding between the two saints in an easy and concise manner. Analogies such as those used by the preacher are enjoyable and are likely to cheer up the mood of the sermon. Similarly, it enables the congregation to relate the characters of the two saints with their personal experiences. Soon after attracting the congregation’s interest with the use of analogies, Newman begins to use similes. He asserts that Christians, in their preference of a gospel for the Feast of St. Monica, have associated the woman with the depressed widow whom Jesus encountered at the entrance to the city. Similarly, in the subsequent paragraphs the preacher likens the widow with the Holy Church that is always mourning over its mis placed siblings. The preacher uses similes to make his illustrations about the modern church and the widow more emphatic. Several examples of similes in the sermon illustrate how the Holy Church and the Widow are similar, especially in the manner in which they mourn over their lost children. The sermon asserts that age after age St. Monica’s son is born with ambition making him a victim of sin. Similarly, age after age St. Monica laments over his child. The child she has grown up with, wandered with her, and kept his name in her lips. In the same way the widow is lamenting, the preacher asserts that the church is lamenting over intellectuals who have been lost and are hurrying towards the path of destruction. Like the widow, the Holy Church has not lost hope over these individuals, as it is always praying for them. Nearly halfway to the sermon, the preacher tells his congregation that he is excited that the Academic Worship Day falls on the Feast of Saint Monica. He further a sserts that the chief purpose of the university and religion is to supply what Saint Monica wanted and always yearned to achieve through her prayers. Through this, he manages to appeal to those who are against the mixture of academics and religion and informs them of the chief purpose of the sermon. He achieves trust from the congregation by informing them of the achievements science could accomplish in the modern age. He asserts that science could invalidate knowledge against itself; make a fact to contradict another fact, and influence humanity that to be spiritual an individual ought to be uninformed and to be scholar one ought to be unspiritual. He wins their trust by emphasizing on their potentials. Thereafter, he employs pathos to appeal to the feelings of his audience that humans are intellectual and moral. He asserts that humans are intellectual to the extent that they safeguard the truth, and safeguard the morality to the extent that they defend duty. He refers to the excel lence of the intellect as skill and talent, and refers to the excellence of moral nature as a virtue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Newman’s sermon on the feast of St. Monica in the year 1856 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thereafter, he asserts that the human being’s mind is made up of several faculties. According to him, these faculties and their powers have been separated for a very long period that most people believe it cannot be united (Lorimer 68). Through this, he aims at appealing to his congregation that the above powers and faculties can be combined peacefully. At this instance, the congregation sees how philosophers have continually lied to them that science and religion should be separated. At the beginning of the eighth paragraph, the preacher poses a question to his audience. He asks them if they confess to the truth of his words and if not their curiosity has let them to the pat h of sin. He establishes his ethos or credibility of setting up higher institutions by stating that his sole purpose is to unite things that had been earlier joined by God and later alienated by human beings. Newman informs his audience that he was not after refuting the common doctrines held by intellects. He informs them that he wants intellect and religion to enjoy an equal freedom without compromising on the others existence. According to his arguments, the differences between the fields have resulted in confusions. His main wish is for the two fields to unite and coexist in harmony. In conclusion, it should be noted that the sermon effectively persuades his congregation that intellectual knowledge and religion should not be alienated. Newman was able to achieve this because he was very knowledgeable with his subject. This gave him the adequate credibility to convince his congregation that religion and intellect should coexist as one. He is successful at convincing undergraduate s about the importance of religion in their lives. Equally, He asserts that the chief purpose of the university and religion is to supply what Saint Monica always yearned to achieve through her prayers. Through this, he manages to appeal to those who are against the mixture of academics and religion and informs them of the chief purpose of the sermon. He achieves trust from the congregation by informing them of the achievements science could accomplish in the modern age. His opinions were well organized and they were made more appealing with the use of logos and pathos. He establishes his ethos or credibility of setting up higher institutions by stating that his sole purpose is to unite things that had been earlier joined by God and later alienated by human beings. However, his arguments might not be appealing to the modern scholars as it did during its time (Cassidy 112). Works Cited Cassidy, Peter. The development and use in a study of an instrument to measure teacher’s per ceptions of their effectiveness in teaching Catholic moral principles to middle and upper secondary students. New York: Oxford University, 1994. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Guiley, Rosemary. The encyclopedia of saints. New York, NY: Facts on File, 2001. Print. Hasson, Thomas. â€Å"Sermons Preached on Various Occasions – Sermon 1.† Newman Reader. N.p., 4 Jan. 2007. Web. http://www.newmanreader.org/works/occasions/sermon1.html. Ker, I. T.. John Henry Newman: a biography. New York : Oxford University Press: Oxford ;, 2009. Print. Lorimer, George C.. Christianity in the nineteenth century. Philadelphia: Griffith Rowland Press, 2000. Print. This essay on Newman’s sermon on the feast of St. Monica in the year 1856 was written and submitted by user Karen Page to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Inflections in English

Inflections in English Inflections in English Inflections in English By Maeve Maddox Inflections are word elements that indicate grammatical relationships among the words in a sentence. For example, the verb walked is in the past tense; we know this because of the inflectional ending -ed. The noun girls is plural. We know this because of the s that has been added to the singular word girl. All languages make use of inflections. Those that make use of a great many inflections–like Latin–are called â€Å"synthetic languages.† Those that do not have so many–like English–are called â€Å"analytic languages.† The low incidence of inflections in English requires speakers to pay attention to word order. In Latin, on the other hand, word order hardly matters. Take nouns as an example. In Latin, nouns have special forms, according to whether the noun is being used as the subject of a sentence, the direct object, the indirect object, a complement, a noun with a built-in preposition, a possessive noun, or a noun of address. In English, except for possession and number, a noun is a noun is a noun. If we look at the English word girl out of the context of a sentence, we know it’s a noun, but we can’t tell anything else about its grammatical function until it is used in a sentence. If we look at the Latin noun puellam (girl), we know that it is the direct object form. The form puella is a subject form. Puellae is genitive (possessive) form meaning â€Å"of the girl.† Because the inflections are â€Å"built in,† their order in a sentence doesn’t much matter. In English, however, word order tells us if a noun is a subject or an object. If it comes before the verb (usually) a noun is a subject. If it comes after an action verb, it’s an object. For example, in English, â€Å"The boy loves the girl† means something different from â€Å"The girl loves the boy.† In Latin, on the other hand, Puer puellam amat, Puellam puer amat, and Amat puellam puer all mean the same thing: â€Å"The boy loves the girl.† Then there are the adjectives. Latin adjectives have to accord with the nouns. To say, â€Å"The big boy loves the pretty girl† you write: Puer magnus puellam bellam amat. To write, â€Å"The pretty girl loves the big boy,† you can leave the words in the same order, but you have to change the endings to show function and gender: Puella bella puerum magnum amat. Because English retains so few inflections, it is a little surprising that so many of the errors we discuss on this site have to do with the few inflections that do remain. Nouns Nouns are inflected by the addition of an apostrophe to show possession: The boy’s backpack was stolen. (singular noun, ’s) The boys’ backpacks were stolen. (plural noun, s’). The letter s is usually added to a noun to form the plural: The girl climbed Mount Everest. The girls climbed Mount Everest. Errors with plural nouns occur with words that do not form the plural by adding s, for example, woman/women; calf/calves, etc. Errors in placing the apostrophe are quite common. For example: â€Å"The mens’ locker room† instead of â€Å"the men’s locker room.† Some uncertain writers sprinkle apostrophes in very unlikely places: Chloe sing’s with the choir. (Should be sings) The dog hurt it’s paw. (Should be its paw) Verbs Regular verbs are inflected to show past tense by adding the suffix -ed: talk, talked, (have) talked. Errors occur with verbs that indicate past tense by changes in spelling, for example, write, wrote, (have) written. See the DWT post Beware of the Irregular Past Participle. Pronouns Because pronouns have retained more inflected forms than nouns, they are the source of probably half the grammatical errors made by native speakers. The inflections that give trouble with the personal pronouns are these: Subject forms: I, he, she, we, they Object forms: me, him, her, us, them For more on pronoun case, see All Pronoun Cases Are Created Equal. Possessive forms are of two kinds: those that stand for a noun (possessive pronouns), and those that stand before a noun to show possession (possessive adjectives). Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs Possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their For example, That book is mine. (Possessive pronoun standing for book) That is my book. (Possessive adjective qualifying book) The pronouns you and it present no problems because they are the same in both their subject and object forms. Other errors with the possessive forms are misspelling its and using their with a singular antecedent: Wrong: The house is having it’s roof replaced. Correct: The house is having its roof replaced. Wrong: Every scout will do their duty. Correct: Every scout will do his duty. Adjectives Adjectives are inflected to show comparison. This article illustrates the different ways of doing it: Comparative Forms of Adjectives Adverbs Adverbs are also inflected to show comparison. Adverbs that end in -ly are inflected by adding more and most in front of them: happily, more happily, most happily. Note: Some authorities regard the comparison of adjectives and adverbs as word formation rather than inflection. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleFor Sale vs. On SaleDrama vs. Melodrama

Second-Person Pronouns - Definition and Examples

Seconds Pronouns used when a speaker addresses one or more individuals. In contemporary standard English, these are the second-person pronouns: you (singular and plural personal pronoun)yours (singular and plural possessive pronoun)yourself and yourselves (singular and plural reflexive/intensive pronouns) In addition, your is the second-person possessive determiner. As discussed below, other second-person pronouns (such as thee, thou, and ye) have been used in the past, and some (such as yall and yous[e]) are still used today in certain dialects of English. Examples: You either die a hero or you live long enough to see yourself become the villain.  (Christian Bale as Batman in The Dark Knight, 2008)Do you know whats waiting beyond that beach? Immortality! Take it! Its yours! (Brad Pitt as Achilles in Troy, 2004)The key to faking out the parents is the clammy hands. Its a good non-specific symptom... What you do is, you fake a stomach cramp, and when youre bent over, moaning and wailing, you lick your palms. Its a little childish and stupid, but then, so is high school.  (Matthew Broderick as Ferris in Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)Laila came over here to braid yalls hair, but left cause yall wasnt here.  (Jesmyn Ward, Where the Line Bleeds. Agate Bolden, 2008)I hope the good white people round here kill all yall off.  (Ernest J. Gaines, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, 1971)But I need to ask you guys a big favor.Ask and you shall receive, my son, said Tradd.  (Pat Conroy, The Lords of Discipline, 1980(Be off, Im tellin yous, your selves an your pound on demand! (Sean OCasey, Five Irish Plays, 1935) Drive thy business, or it will drive thee.  (Benjamin Franklin)Ye have not chosen Me, but I have chosen you, and ordained you, that ye should go and bring forth fruit.  (John 15: 16, The King James Bible, 1611)Thou shalt prepare thee a way, and divide the coasts of thy land, which the Lord thy God giveth thee to inherit.  (Deuteronomy, 19:3, The King James Bible, 1611)O world, I cannot hold thee close enough!Thy winds, thy wide grey skies!Thy mists, that roll and rise!Thy woods, this autumn day, that ache and sagAnd all but cry with colour! That gaunt cragTo crush!   To lift the lean of that black bluff!World, World, I cannot get thee close enough!(Edna St. Vincent Millay, Gods World. Renascence and Other Poems, 1917) Observations: [R]esearch has found that the inclusion of second-person pronouns in a message increases peoples motivation to attend to a message (Burnkrant Unnava, 1989).​(David R. Roskos-Ewoldsen, What Is the Role of Rhetorical Questions in Persuasion? Communication and Emotion: Essays in Honor of Dolf Zillmann, ed. by Jennings Bryant et al. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003) Thou and Ye Forms As early as the late thirteenth century, the second person plural forms (ye, you, your) began to be used with singular meaning in circumstances of politeness or formality, leaving the singular forms (thou, thee, thy/thine) for intimate, familiar use. In imitation of the French use of vous and tu, the English historically plural y-forms were used in addressing a superior, whether by virtue of social status or age and in upper-class circles among equals, though high-born lovers might slip into the th-forms in situations of intimacy. The th-forms were also used by older to younger and by socially superior to socially inferior.  (John Algeo and Thomas Payne, The Origin and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005) Ye and You In early Middle English, ye was used in subject position, and it marked plurality, whilst you was used in object position, also marking plurality... Singularity was marked by thee and thou. In the fourteenth century, this system began to change, and you began to be used in subject position, as today. As you usage increased over the fifteenth century, ye and you began to lose their function of marking plurality, and by the end of the period they were used for both singular and plural referents, in both subject and object position.  (Peter Brown, A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture C.1350 - C.1500. Blackwell, 2007)    Thou and You Thou ... had in Old English been used when addressing only one person, and you when addressing more. By the sixteenth century, this had changed; the difference was social, with thou expressing intimacy or possibly condescension, while you was chillier or more respectful. The distinction disappeared in the seventeenth century from written English, and from most spoken English also, though one may still hear it in Yorkshireit is memorably frequent in Barry Hiness novel A Kestrel for a Knave, set in 1960s Barnsley. By contrast, other languages in Western Europe continue to draw such a distinction: in some, notably French, it is important, while in others, such as Spanish and Swedish, the formal address is now not much used. Todays yous, widely heard in Ireland, and youse, heard on Merseyside and in Australia, revive and make explicit the difference between the plural you and the singular. So, too, does the American yall.  (Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011) Plurals: Yall, Yalls, All yalls and You Guys Since you was now both singular and plural, how could you make clear that you were speaking to more than one?In the United States, the best the North can do is the casual you guys. But the South has found a comfortable solution: yall...Clear evidence that yall is one word instead of two is the possessive form yalls. For example, Mamos Garlic Sauce of Austin, Texas, posts on its website a collection of Yalls Recipes ...Some Southerners dont accept the explanation that yall is the plural of you. They insist that yall is just another way of saying you, with either singular or plural meaning. They contend that to make a plural, you must say all yall...But for now many Southerners still would reject the notion that yall can be properly applied to only one person.  (Allan A. Metcalf, How We Talk: American Regional English Today. Houghton Mifflin, 2000) A Users Guide to Yall Let me offer a quick user’s guide to y’all, because there’s a lot of bad information floating around on the internet. It’s a contraction of you all, obviously, a phrase with the same structure and purpose as the British you lot. The southern iteration is naturally disposed to being contracted, although people do use the expanded you all. In general, it seems you all is more likely to be the object, while y’all is the subject, although rhythm is probably the most important factor. Another iteration is all y’all, which is used to encompass an entire group in situations where, because the group has natural subsets, ambiguity might otherwise emerge.No matter what you might have heard, y’all should not be used as a singular. (E.G. Austin, Y’all Hear This. The Economist, Sep. 19, 2011)

The Different Aspects of Heroism in Animation Assignment

The Different Aspects of Heroism in Animation - Assignment Example Taking the case of Ashitaka (Princess Mononoke, 1997) a film directed by renowned animator Hayao Miyazaki, it can be seen that there is a clash of nature versus humanity. Ashitaka is the main character who has to treat dangerous grounds in an effort to save the community. The animated version of the film shows Ashitaka killing the demon but does not go unscathed as his right arm is corrupted with a curse and he has a long journey into the Great Forest Spirit to get help (Beane 5). The ensuing battle between Princess Mononoke and a mining village requires a courageous and industrial person to save the situation. This film presents Japanese cultural definition of heroism as an ability to wade through evil, save lives and remain self-less in defence of the society as seen in Ashitaka’s dedication to rebuilding Iron town in his last interaction with San and Eboshi. In Sylvain (Gandahar, 1988) the Queen Ambisextra and the Council of Women believe in warrior Sylvain as the ultimate saviour of the kingdom against the Machine-Men. In this cultural setup, the courage to face supernatural beings in the form of metals is considered heroic. Sylvain is a great warrior and from the animated version, is wit of incorporating the mutant beings called the Deformed (physically deformed, but mentally and spiritually advanced) and by a beautiful woman named Airelle. Considering his ability to strategize on a way of completely eliminating these metal creatures is exhibited through creative animation that exposes his heroism at the end of the encounter (Beane 9). The animated presentation of Peter (Peter and the Wolf, 2006) is entertaining and informative as it explores an exciting show of heroism by Peter against the much hated and dreaded wolf. The film has a combination that is attractive to children and captivating to music enthusiasts. Peter’s ability to unwit the wolf, tie and prevent the hunters from killing it is a show of true hero.  

Lean Thinking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lean Thinking - Research Paper Example Its adoption of this strategy seems to be the reason why this business organization has survived in a competitive business environment. Supply chain management is a strategy that is used to streamline all business operations to ensure that they occur at the least cost possible and in the most efficient manner. In a competitive market environment, the cost of a product dictates the attractiveness of a business and consequently the inflow of customers (Taylor and Brunt, 2001). The development of products right from the time when raw materials are acquired to the time the final product reaches the customer has a cumulative impact on the cost of the products delivered in market. Harrison and Hoek (2011) point out that understanding consumer behaviour is important for a business that intends to survive in a competitive market. This is the reason why the Starbucks Corporation has decided to develop its lean thinking strategy to model an effective supply chain. One lean strategy of the Star bucks was to reduce the employee motion by bringing products closer to the customers. The company has a team of lean thinking implementers who have engaged in developing strategies that will define an effective supply chain. Ms Jordan, a developer in the lean team noted â€Å"†¦. how much my partners were moving for things that were never at the same place †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and notes the much that was wasted while preparing a single cup of coffee (Jordan, 2009). In response, she advised the employees to place goods on top so that they can avoid the time wasted while bending. Also, she suggested that some essential ingredients be placed closer to the customer to ensure that every customer has access to the product without having the need for employees to supply them every time. Saving time was part of developing an effective supply chain that reduces wastage of time, an important resource in an organization. The strategy employed by Starbuck Corporation can be regarded as minimiza tion of waste of unnecessary motions. Harrison and Hoek (2011, P. 195) point out that if employees have to move, bend or stretch unnecessarily, this is a waste of time that would have been utilized in the productivity. The activities of the company benefited this organization in two dimensions. First, the organization was able to increase the amount of sales which directly contributes to the financial performance of the organization. Secondly, customers attach value to organizations that provide timely services without due wastage of time. In fast food companies where time is a factor, responding to customer orders in time assures an organization of loyalty from the customers. This is the idea that Scott Heydon when he engaged a strategy to minimize motion wastage in the organization. Jargon (Para. 15) points out that there was an increase in customer loyalty in Starbucks after the motion in this organization was minimized. In 2008, the customer loyalty changed from 56% to 76% betwe en April and June and the number of transactions increased by 9% during this time. Harrison and Hoek (2011, p. 60) provides that satisfying the customer value is a key business aspect that garners loyal customers and pulls new buyers. This kind of business trends is important for an

Challenges facing mental health problems

Challenges facing mental health problems Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and access the challenges facing mental health consumers to retain or rebuild a meaningful and valued life. The study was based on looking at mental health statistics, examining current trends in mental health services, treatments, pharmacology, and dual diagnosis management, and rehabilitation, vocational, educational, and transitional services. This paper is based partially on a report that came out of an invigorating collaboration between Surgeon General David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and (NIMH) who strive to improve the availability, accessibility, and quality of mental health services and support; conducting research on mental illness and mental health. This thesis gives my understanding of what this challenge involves, how this can be facilitated by supports within society at large, while evaluating the current policies and service provisions that are available. By exemplifying the current non-governmental organizations (NGO) that are already in place, I then give a synopsis of what agencies/services and resources would be required to necessitate rebuilding a meaningful and valued life for mental health patients. One in four Americans; people of all ages, races, incomes and social stratus will suffer from some form of mental illness in their lifetime. During the course of a year, more than 54 million Americans are affected by one or more mental disorder. (NMHA Tellioglu, 2009) An estimated 22.1 percent of Americans ages 18 and older suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year (NIMH, 1998) while an astonishing 5.4 percent of adults have severe mental illness. (Surgeon General, 1997). The number of people in Ireland admitted to psychiatric hospitals has dropped by 28% since 1997 with an increase in people treated in community psychiatric facilitiesà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬numbering 20,000 30,000 a year. (Irishhealth.com, 2009) Such statistics only begin to capture the level of pain and disruption in individuals, families, and communities for which mental illness is responsible. What is the definition of mental illness? According to the criteria in the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) it is a diagnosable illness that results in functional impairment that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities. Some diagnoses are considered more severe such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Disability refers to the degree of limitation an illness imposes on the ability to function in life areas, such as relationships, work, independent living, and managing finances and medical care. People with mental disorders used to be thought of as a detriment to society and were removed from the community; kept in institutions and psychiatric hospitals. Patients were heavily sedated, given electroshock therapy, forgotten by professionals and family, and their condition further deteriorated, giving little or no hope of recovery. More recent research on long term recovery of individuals with mental illness shows a much better prognosis. Seven major retrospective studies done in Germany, Switzerland, Japan, and the U.S. show recovery rates of 46 68% for those with severe forms of mental illness without being institutionalized. (Harding, Zahniser, Zubin and Strauss 1984-1987) Recovery is defined as people with mental illness regaining the ability to work, live independently, maintain meaningful relationships, and contribute to their communities in a variety of ways. (Continuum, 1997) Neuropsychiatric disorders are the second greatest cause of burden of disease after cardiovascular disease, accounting for 40 percent of chronic disease. Serious mental illness can be fatal with suicide as the cause of death among adults second only to traffic accidents. More than 90% of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, (Baylor study, 2009) although not all with mental disorders will necessarily commit suicide; but the pain, hopelessness, and disordered thinking can lead to suicide and the impact is immeasurable. Our nations physical healthà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬as a wholeà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬has never been better. Cancer and HIV/AIDS once termed as terminal are increasingly distinguished as treatable, survivable, and curable ailments. Medical research proves the inextricably intertwined relationship between mental health, physical health and well-being. (David Satcher, 1999) Fortunately, leaders in mental health, intensely devoted advocates, scientists, government officials, and consumers have been insistent that mental health flow in the mainstream of health. With the progress the medical profession has made with disorders of the mind such as dementia and Alzheimers there has also been improvement in understanding mental illness. Dementia is a loss of cognitive function with an inability to think, learn, or perceive due to changes in the brain caused by trauma or disease with blood vessel disease due to illnesses such as diabetes and hypertension as the biggest risk factors. If the illness/illnes ses are treated the dementia can be reversed. Dementia is caused by a condition whereas Alzheimers is a particular physical condition. Some of the early signs of Alzheimers and dementia can include depression. Many medical problems mask as, co-occur with, or exacerbate psychiatric crises. Any patient exhibiting psychiatric symptoms needs a medical evaluation since physical illness can masquerade as mental illness. What many people fail to understand is that dementia, Alzheimers, diabetes, and mental illness are all diseases that a person has no control over. The primary contribution of modern-day mental health research is the degree to which its mended the destructive split between mental and physical health. Researchers recognize the brain is the integrator of thought, emotion, behavior, and physical health. Yet, despite research and unprecedented knowledge about the brain and human behavior, mental health is often disregarded and ailments of the mind remain masked in ignorance and misunderstanding. The challenges involved with retaining or rebuilding a meaningful and valued life for persons with mental illness are innumerable. The closing of mental health institutions, psychiatric wards, community mental health centers, residential facilities and diversion programs has reflected a trend for the entire nation stemming partly from the governments policy of treating the mentally ill in the community, rather than in institutions. (Independent News Media. 1997) Since 1970, 90 percent of public psychiatric hospitals have closed; available beds in NHS psychiatric wards alone dropped by 50,000 since 1980. (Sheriff, 2007) Even when there are adequate mental health facilities patients need to have medication and continual therapy to retain stability. With the closing of mental health systems clients will need additional support in finding a way to continue their treatment regimens. This is especially true for those with bi-polar and schizophrenic disorders who need to be monitored for treatment compliance. With a devastating loss of mental-health services throughout the world, individuals have relapsed, scores of patients have been forced to reside in local nursing homes, become homeless, or end up in correction systems. In 1996, E. Fuller Torrey, prominent psychiatrist/mental health advocate, stated, Quietly but steadily jails and prisons are replacing public mental hospitals as the primary purveyors of public psychiatric services for individuals with serious mental illness in the U.S. With federal funding cuts agencies who could offer services spend more time worrying about who is going to pay for what, rather than how to prevent relapse or suicide. With an inadequate supply of mental health services and providers there is a presence in society of at risk people manifesting mental disorders leading to destabilizing conditions that affect society as a whole. Alcohol and illicit drug use is associated with violence, criminality, antisocial behaviors and the inability to develop into pr oductive citizens of countries and communities. With the lack of mental health dual diagnosis treatment, patients often develop behavior that places them into the legal system; jailed or imprisoned, causing an interruption in their treatment that can lead to radical decline in functioning. Detective Tony Morales, Phoenix Police Department says, all our officers have to be part-time psychiatrists. Gabe Morgan, Sheriff of Newport News, Virginia says, Acute care for the mentally ill was once provided by psychiatric hospitals but many who are severely ill are living in our communities, where the burden of managing symptomatic and psychotic behaviors often falls on law enforcement. Jails were never intended to be treatment facilities but they are replacing psychiatric hospitals. Markowitz, Northern Illinois University reports results of an influential study on how psychiatric hospital capacity impacts crime rates. Data from 81 cities around the country showed communities with greater acc ess to psychiatric beds have lower rates of arrests and crime. (Sheriff, 2007) While troubled individuals are more likely to seek help from their physician than a psychiatrist, (Kiesler, 1980) countless physicians are not trained to deal with mental problems nor willing to spend time listening to anything other than physical symptoms. (Eisenberg, 1977; Engel, 1977; Knowles, 1977; Reiser, 1981). Another challenge is that emergency rooms are becoming the most utilized form of care for those in crisis because mental health service providers are unavailable after hours and on weekends and the ER is not allowed to turn people away. Badly equipped to handle respite/mental health care patients become unnecessarily hospitalized or are medicated until they can see a psychiatrist if available. Mental health consumers who find adequate in-patient treatment often face a void when trying to bridge the gap between relapse or hospitalization and living life in the community. In their quest to achieve recovery, they find little or no intermediate services available. While pharmacotherapy can treat the symptoms of mental illness when taken as directed it cannot restore a sense of value of self nor lift the burden carried by the patient. With no way to progress through rehabilitative therapies and develop coping and life skills a person who has been hospitalized, imprisoned or institutionalized will have little hope reintegrating into society and their mental health will only decline. Often, the result is the revolving door phenomenon with a cycle of deterioration, relapse and re-hospitalization or being arrested for petty crimes, released and arrested again. (Psychiatric Services, November, 2003) Another very real and insidious challenge is the impact of stigma, shame, and isolation associated with mental illness constituting a major barrier against seeking treatment. The graphic portrayal of those labeled with a mental diagnosis confronts the patient living with a serious mental illness to try to navigate beyond the arduous challenges presented by the illness itself. Strides have been made against stigma, yet too frequently mental health is spoken of in whispers and shame. Stigma and an unwarranted sense of hopelessness for recovery from mental illness have erected barriers. These barriers have made their way into churches where those with severe mental illness have turned to seek assistance from their local pastor. Some well meaning Christians throw bible verses or phrases such as if you had enough faith or just give it to God in an effort to solve the problem by fixing the person with mental illness because of their lack of knowledge or understanding. The mentally ill may get support for awhile with prayers, talks on faith, loving and trusting God, but if the person is not progressing as they had hoped then any interest in helping may wane. Serious roadblocks arise when those with mental illness try to find encouragement from their church and get no support or try to talk to their therapist about their faith or religious beliefs and he/she responds in a negative or unsupportive way when hearing about God. Having a relationship with Jesus Christ can give great comfort and hope and provides strength for working through spiritual issues which is an essential part of healing and rehabilitation. God works through people who are willing to help a person to rebuild their life. If a church fails to give support many mental health consumers then make serial connections with church after church trying to find respite and may stop going to church and even worse; turn away from God. Those whose mental illness is dismissed by clergy are not only being told they d ont have a mental illness; theyre also being told they need to stop taking their medication which can be a very dangerous thing. (Baylor, 2008) The unique internal pain of those who have a serious mental illness is only exacerbated when a pastor or members of a congregation fail to understand their condition, or even resents them or their illness because they are unable or unwilling to accept them like Jesus would. Support is essential for recovery of mental illness. Where does a person go when there is little or no treatment available, nor support from family, friends, church or therapists? People who seek God find what they need in time of hardship. Individuals can find support on the internet from mental health forums, blogs and websites. Too many other people that have no answer have given up and have died needlessly. Formidable financial barriers impede needed mental health care from too many people both those with adequate health insurance or one of the 44 million Americans who lack health insurance. If they do not have medical insurance or have other financial problems it can be difficult for the mentally ill to obtain medical care, counseling or medication. Even if they do have medical insurance, many insurance policies either do not cover the cost of treatment for mental illnesses or they only allow a minimum of 12 30 sessions of counseling a year, depending on the insurance policy. Unlike some physical diseases which may be cured with antibiotics or surgery, mental illnesses may need consistent management. For example, there is no cure for schizophrenia. Without continual treatment, these clients decline and may become homeless or worse. For those mental disorders that can be resolved such as post traumatic stress disorder, 12 sessions are not sufficient. It is not feasible to expect a vete ran who has been in active combat for 3 years to heal in three months or a woman who has been abused for most of her life to recover with so few therapy sessions a year. Patients need consistent ongoing treatment without their progress being impeded by financial and insurance restrictions. Some insurance companies have made exceptions through managed care to trade inpatient days for outpatient days to accommodate the patient needing more therapy and psychiatric sessions but this is usually limited to amending the policy for one year at the most. There is substantial research indicating that the majority of the chronically mentally ill can function outside of institutional settings where mental health services are available. A number of community support services were positively evaluated showing evidence patients can be effectively maintained in non-institutional community placement. (Kiesler, 1982) A wide range of non-governmental organizations and community support interventions vary across a spectrum from crisis clinics designed to prevent rehospitalization (Formenhaft, Kaplan, Langsley, 1969) to small self governing communities (Fairweather, 1980) such as mental health drop in centers and psychosocial clubhouses. (Taber, 1980) Primary health care physicians that are able to identify common mental disorders are facilitating and advocating support and treatment for mental health consumers, providing basic medication and psychotherapeutic interventions, while referring complex cases to community mental health services. Other provisions include 24 hour crisis hotlines offering support and encouragement; helping move the person from a state of crisis/feeling suicidal to empowering them to develop and rely on coping skills. In many countries, community mental health teams provide home-based crisis intervention services through 24 hour mobile outreach, assisting in stabilization, visiting people, helping consumers at high risk for hospitalization; providing one-on-one intensive case management, rehabilitation, and follow up. In many countries hospital diversion programs redirect people in crisis to community-based facilities such as mental health crisis shelters, family based crisis homes, apartments with in home-like milieu, or hostels as alternatives to hospitalization helping hundreds of people each year stay in the community and avoid the expense, stigma and trauma of hospitalization. Many provide the same recovery model as psychiatric inpatient treatment facilities and have found with proper support, compassion, understanding, professional mental health, and peer counseling the need for hospitalization is diminished or greatly reduced. Some hospitals have dispositional care, an alternative to hospital stays, adjacent to the ER to facilitate a short stay with discharge as the goal, offering short term acute treatment for psychiatric and substance abuse issues. Outpatient day-treatment is available in a highly structured environment and offer support services upon discharge. A study shows that 80% were successfully diverted from the hospital at considerable savings. Treatment was comparable to those admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Vocational/rehabilitation services help mental health consumers attain independent living skills necessary to move into or remain in more independent level of housing within the community. These programs teach skills such as cooking, nutrition, personal grooming, using public transportation, job skills, budgeting money, health and dental care and assistance achieving a job and/or academic education. While the goal is to stay out of crisis and prevent hospitalization these programs are primarily designed to help consumers reenter society and/or achieve a full community life. Clients take responsibility for their care with moderate support from community-based case managers who make weekly in-home visits to monitor progress and provide assistance. These particular models vary from country to country depending on various factors including the sociocultural context, how health services are organized and the availability of financial and human resources. For success, psychiatric treatment and rehabilitation needs to have integrated, seamless approaches aimed at restoring persons with major mental disorders to their best possible level of functioning and quality of life. How can this be facilitated by supports within society? Effective treatment of serious mental illness goes far beyond inpatient hospitalization and offers individuals the opportunity for community reintegration. (American Psychiatric Association, 2004) Inpatient treatment facilities would be available only for those with severe needs or those at risk to themselves or others. Hospitalization would be brief, minimally disruptive and rehabilitation services within the community could be seamlessly implemented as quickly as possible. (American Psychiatric Association, Kopelowicz and Liberman, 2003) Clients would move through a care continuum including psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, pharmacotherapy, dual diagnoses/addiction treatment, physical assessment, behavioral modification, neurocognitive science, 12-step recovery programs, employment, housing, criminal justice, education, and relapse prevention. Rehabilitation would include teaching life and coping skills, managing symptoms, dealing with memory, decision making, problem solving, and management of anger and stress. Community based programs would include residential services, crisis intervention, hospital diversion and relapse preventative resources, mental health research, and other service providers designed to reintegrate the mentally ill into society. Patients would be educated about their illness to grasp management and proper use of psychiatric medications. The perfect model would include guaranteed access to necessary medicines for people with mental health problems at a cost that the health care system and the individual can afford in order to achieve appropriate prescription and use of these medicines. Having an adequate number of psychiatrists and counselors for outpatient treatm ent in areas that formerly had only a few or none is essential. There is a need to improve coordination between health care providers and governmental and private mental service providers along with community based programs for the mentally ill to advance and improve the referral system and evaluate if the needs of mental health consumers are being met. The government could support mental health consumers by creating laws that restrict discrimination of treatment among insurance providers. Mental illness needs to be viewed as equal to other form of physical disabilities. Mental illness is not a lack of willpower. Medication for depression is just as vital as insulin is for the diabetic. The threat of suicide for mental illness is as dangerous as a heart attack is for heart disease. Promoting good mental health for people of all countries will require scientific know-how but, even more importantly, a societal resolve that we will make the needed investment; not for budgets but for each of us to educate ourselves and others about mental health/illness, and to confront the attitudes, fear, and misunderstanding that remain as barriers before us. (David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., Surgeon General) To remove the stigma and secrecy surrounding mental illness families, churches and others who once offered no support need to sustain those who suffer in shame. There is still a long way to go with reintegrating and rebuilding the lives of those with mental illness. I have learned however that mental health consumers grow emotionally during this process we call recovery through enhanced self esteem, meaningful work, connections to others, a sense of hope and empowerment. They grow physically through increased fitness, improved diet and nutrition, and better health care. They grow intellectually through a better understanding of their disability, effective coping mechanisms, and the development and implementation of personal goals. They grow spiritually through pastors and churches that are willing to offer support, understanding and biblical counseling. It is through our connections with people who are experiencing mental illnesses that we will continue to learn and to grow in our knowledge about mental illness and recovery and have some of the best, richest relationships we could possibly have. In conclusion, the World Health Organization predicts that in the next 20 years more people will be affected by depression than any other cause of ill health worldwide. With this knowledge I would like to challenge the world, our nation, our countries, our cities, our communities, both physical and mental health care models, researchers, our employers, and our citizens to take action to collaborate with mental health consumers. There is no health without mental health and mental health is fundamental to quality of life and to the most creative and productive life that people can live. (Indian Journal, 2006) References Mental Health America Resource Center. 800-969-6642. http://www.nmha.org/ Neugeboren J: Imagining Robert: My Brother, Madness, and Survival. New York, Morrow, 1997 Hall LL: Review of Imagining Robert: My Brother, Madness, and Survival. Psychiatric Services 48:1470-1471, 1997 Harding, Zahniser, Zubin and Strauss (1984 1997). Mental Health Statistics. Continuum, 4, 3-15. Tahir Tellioglu M.D., APA, AAAP (2009). Mental Health Rehabilitation. National Mental Health Association Unknown (2003). Psychiatric Services. American Psychiatric Association, 54, 1491-1498. Alex Kopelowicz, M.D. and Robert Paul Liberman, M.D. Integration of Care: Integrating Treatment with Rehabilitation for Persons with Major Mental Illness. William D. Spaulding, Mary E. Sullivan, and Jeffrey S. Poland, New York, Guilford Publications (2004). Treatment and Rehabilitation of Severe Mental Illness. Am. J. Psychiatry, 161, 937 Alex Kopelowicz, M.D. and Robert Paul Liberman, M.D. (2003). Integration of Care: Integrating with Rehabilitation for Persons with Major Mental Illnesses. American Psychiatric Association, 54, 1491-1498. David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D. Surgeon General (1999). Collaboration between (SAMSHA) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and (NIMH) National Institute of Mental Health Report. Surgeon Generals Response to Mental Health. Healthy Living Clinic. Irish Health. Retrieved 2009, from http://www.irishhealth.com/clin/healthliv/health_ire.html#s6 H. Russel Searlight and Paul J. Handal with Kramer, Kiesler, Flomenhaft, Kaplan Langsley, Fairweather, Taber (September 1986). Psychiatric Deinstitutionalization: The Possibilities and the Reality. Psychiatric Quarterly, Volume 58, 3. S; Steven. Mental-health policy: Iowa doesnt get it. Telegraph Herald (Dubuque). Telegraph Herald (Dubuque). 2007. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: J. Health Services: Mental hospitals provision slashed. The Independent (London, England). Independent News Media. 1997. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Mental Health Policies Are Cause for Alarm in the Corrections Community. Sheriff. National Sherriffs Association. 2007. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Mental health: Facing the challenges, building solutions. Indian Journal of Medical Research. Indian Council of Medical Research. 2006. Retrieved October 08, 2009 from HighBeam Research: Baylor Study Finds Serious Mental Illness Often Dismissed by Local Church. US Fed News Service, Including US State News. HT Media Ltd. 2008. Retrieved October 09, 2009 from HighBeam

Pharmacology Case Essay

The research is about the herb, Salvia divinorum wherein there are debates whether it should be made illegal or not, and its possible use as a tool for pharmacological research. Salvia divinorum (SD) is known for its hallucinogenic effects, but unlike other abused substances, SD has lower potential for abuse. The research was conducted through the internet, wherein respondents fill out survey questionnaire forms. The qualitative information gathered from this research would then be used as a basis whether the substance should be controlled or not, and if so, how it would be controlled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The content of the research is sufficient, wherein it has detailed information of what Salvia dinorum is and what are its specific effects to the people. It also gave a detailed explanation on how it affects the people’s brain and why it is different from other hallucinogenic substances. It also showed the statistical results of the survey conducted, wherein the respondents gave their sides regarding the comparisons of SD to other commonly abused substances (Baggott & Erowid, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The research material given is really useful in a sense that it could be used as a tool for pharmacological purposes. It could also be a basis for deciding on whether the substance should be made legal or be controlled for public consumption. Since it promotes altered perception of reality as a hallucinogenic compound, it is possible that it could result to uncontrolled actions which could harm the user or other people. As the research presented, the substance is not as addictive as that of other abused substances. Through more research, further understanding of the matter could be established.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The primary limitation of the research is that it was conducted through the internet, and the responses of the respondents could not be qualitatively taken into consideration, since they could just generate an imaginary response. The research is limited to the respondents who have access to the internet, and those who weren’t able to check the material online will not be able to answer. Another limitation is that the respondents were mostly males, so we don’t really know much about the side of the females. If it was to be under random sampling, then the males and females should be properly represented, unless only the males are using SD.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credibility of the author is quite convincing, since he’s a student of Neuroscience PhD program and already has authored several scientific articles and book chapters. Looking at his achievement, we are safe to assume that he is credible enough to give information about Salvia divinorum and the issues related to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intended audiences of the research are those who are in the pharmacology field, as well as the people who are using Salvia divinorum. They are the ones who are directly involved with the substance that is why it is necessary for them to be informed of things concerning Salvia divinorum. For the pharmacologists, they could use SD as a tool to develop new drugs and learn more about the human brain and how it works. For the users, they have to understand that as a hallucinogen, SD still pose some threats in their lives as well as the people around them. They have to be responsible enough to know when and where to use it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The significant features of this research are that there is not much information yet available when it comes to utilizing Salvia divinorum for medical purposes. This means that this is a pioneering research aiming to establish an understanding about this mind-boggling herb.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In our society, it is common knowledge that many substances are being abused because of their mind-altering hallucinogenic effects. A candidate for this is the Salvia divinorum, though researches show that it is not that addictive comparing to other substances. It has other uses, one of which is for medical purposes. We could harness this potential instead of treating it as something destructive. It is high time to use it to our advantage, and not our destruction. Reference: Baggott, M., & Erowid, E. F. (2004). A Survey of Salvia divinorum Users.  Ã‚   Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http://www.erowid.org/plants/salvia/salvia_survey1.shtml   

Population and Family Planning Policy in India - 1466 Words

Population and Family Planning Policy in India Population growth has long been a concern of the government, and India has a lengthy history of explicit population policy. In the 1950s, the government began, in a modest way, one of the earliest national, government-sponsored family planning efforts in the developing world. The annual population growth rate in the previous decade (1941 to 1951) had been below 1.3 percent, and government planners optimistically believed that the population would continue to grow at roughly the same rate. Implicitly, the government believed that India could repeat the experience of the developed nations where industrialization and a rise in the standard of living had been accompanied by a drop in the†¦show more content†¦However, much was learned about policy and practice from the Jamkhed Project. The successful use of womens clubs as a means of involving women in community-wide family planning activities impressed the state government to the degree that it set about organizing such clubs in every village in the state. The project also serves as a pilot to test ideas that the government wants to incorporate into its programs. Government medical staff members have been sent to Jamkhed for training, and the government has proposed that the project assume the task of selecting and training government health workers for an area of 2.5 million people. Another important family planning program is the Project for Community Action in Family Planning. Located in Karnataka, the project operates in 154 project villages and 255 control villages. All project villages are of sufficient size to have a health subcenter, although this advantage is offset by the fact that those villages are the most distant from the areas primary health centers. 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