Performance - 1560 Words

Chapter 8 Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os  © Observation Business Research Methods Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os Enrique Pà ©rez del Campo Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation â€Å"Never trust to general impressions, my boy, but concentrate yourself upon details.† Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os  © Sir Arthur Conan Doyle â€Å"I believe in evidence. I believe in observation, measurement, and reasoning, confirmed by independent observers. Ill believe anything, no matter how wild and ridiculous, if there is evidence for it. The wilder and more ridiculous something is, however, the firmer and more solid the evidence will have to be. † 1-2 ISAAC ASIMOV Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation CONTENTS General concepts and†¦show more content†¦It can be achieved using one-way mirrors, hidden cameras, or mechanical devices. Observers may be disguised as shoppers, sales clerks, or other roles. Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os  © †¢ Indirect observation, – the respondents are aware that they are being observed, and they are normally aware of the presence of the observer. Researchers do not agree on the degree of effect the presence of an observer has on behavior. One viewpoint is that the observer effect is minor and shortlived. The other is that the observer can seriously bias the behavior patterns (Malhotra, 2012). 1-8 Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation †¢ Natural vs contrived observation †¢ Natural observation: – involves observing behavior as it takes place in the environment. For example, one could observe the behavior of respondents eating fast food in a Burger King. The advantage is that the observed behavior will reflect the true phenomenon more accurately, the disadvantages are that the costs of waiting for the phenomenon to occur and the difficulty of measuring the phenomenon are high. †¢ Contrived observation, Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os  © – the investigator creates an artificial environment in order to observe a behavior, such as a test kitchen 1-9 Marketing Research CHAPTER 8. Observation †¢ Applications Verà ³nica Rosendo Rà ­os  © Observation methods: applications -Personal -Mechanical -AuditShow MoreRelatedPerformance Is An Effective Performance845 Words   |  4 PagesPerformances are all around people throughout the course of life; but, more often than not, many do not realize this. These performances may or may not be intentional. Whether or not these performances are intentional, they will all have the same composition, in terms of traits, on varying degrees; however, this does not necessarily mean all performances are similar. Once a performance merges itself with the ubiquitous traits of art, it takes on a new form: theatre - another kind of art. Like allRead MoreThe Importance Of A Performance On The Performance Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pages Visually related aspects of a performance can greatly affect how an audience perceives the performance. For my performance, I plan to keep everything relatively informal. Since I am performing for my family, I think that this plan makes the most sense for my situation. I plan to keep my attire informal and fitting f or the situation. Since my performance will be during Thanksgiving, I will wear what I am wearing at the Thanksgiving meal. This is usually jeans and a nice shirt. My attire will matchRead MorePerformance Process : All The Performances924 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Performance paper Performance Process: All the Performances in your class have helped me get my confidence back. I spent almost my entire twenties preforming in front of all types of audiences. Comedy has always been an artistic release for me that I enjoyed. Somewhere down the line in my performance career I lost the passion to perform, it lead to a deep depression, and an involuntary hospitalization. After this, my confidence was completely destroyed not just in my preforming art but alsoRead MoreThe default definition of live performance is that it is the kind of performance in which the1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe default definition of live performance is that it is the kind of performance in which the performers and the audience are both physically and temporally co-present to on another. (Auslander,P. (2008) P.60) Liveness is something many of us feel a numerous amount of times throughout our life, watching a live performance cannot be beaten whether its football, rugby etc. liveness is something that theatre possesses deep within its roots, it allows audiences and performers to meet and react to oneRead MoreHaier Performance management (A)1150 Words   |  5 PagesCase 4: Haier Performance management (A) 1. What are the specific practices of Haier’s performance management system? What are the guiding principles behind those practices? Haier, being the world’s sixth largest maker of large kitchen appliances, had 4% global market share and strong positions in the production of washing machine and refrigerators. The key success behind was Zhang, the CEO who brought the company fortunes. Several innovative human resource management practices were introducedRead MoreMotivation, Satisfaction, and Performance803 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation, Satisfaction and Performance Plan LDR 531 Table of Contents The Team 1 Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance 1 Motivation 1 Satisfaction 2 Performance 2 The Plan 2 References 4 The Team The team is composed of four team members and one team manager; Mike, James, Mary, Katy and Barb. The team does a good job staying motivated and satisfied, and also performs well. However, there are moments the team struggles due to differences in attitudes, emotions, and valuesRead MoreThe Performance Of Sense And Sensibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages I went to the performance of Sense and Sensibility on Thursday night and I sat in the second row, which was very close to the performance. The layout of the theatre definitely provided a different perspective depending on where the audience member sat. The theatre was close to completely filled, but there were still a few seats that were empty. Overall the show was my favorite one yet that I have attended at WL. Sense and Sensibility is written by Kate Hamill who based the script off theRead MoreThe Performance Of The Performing Arts946 Words   |  4 Pagesfeeling of belonging, and new skills. Firstly, students participating in theater gain experiences for later careers. For example, someone who understands an audition would know what to expect in a job or college interview. Assisting in a performance, even on the technical side, can also improve the ability to withstand stress and being put in a position under pressure (Mintz). This also expands one’s capacity for thinking and knowledge about the performing arts and gives students a greaterRead MoreAnalysis of Live Performances599 Words   |  2 PagesThis paper will concentrate on the analysis and the review of three major performances, Missa Mirabilis, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op.43 and Dona Nobis Pacem. These pieces of performances are generally based on a religious setting of the several regions that the very detailed and are represented in a very organized way. To begin, Missa Mirabilis is a piece that was celebrated at the Westminster Cathedral for the feast of Corpus Christi on the 10th of June, 2007. This gave a new setting ofRead MorePerformance Based Services Essay829 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- Performance based services CON 280 CON 280 Defining Performance Based Services The Federal Acquisition Regulation defines performance-based acquisition as â€Å"the means an acquisition structured around the results to be achieved as opposed to the manner by which the work is to be performed.† (FAR 2.1) Specifically performance-based services involve strategies, approaches and various techniques that assist with

Nelson Mandela And His Life And Work History History Essay Free Essays

Nelson Mandela. The adult male everyone knows about. The adult male who was against the Apartheid. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela And His Life And Work History History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He did n’t merely speak about it, but he besides did something about it. He ‘s a great adult male. In this chapter we ‘ll speak about his life, his actions and how these actions have changed the universe. Biography Rolihlahla Mandela, subsequently called Nelson Mandela, was born on July 18, 1918 in Mvezo. A bantam small town in the state of Transkei, South Africa. Mandela ‘s male parent had three married womans. The 3rd one was Mandela ‘s female parent, here name was Nosekeni Fanny. Mandela ‘s male parent was destined to be a main and served as a counselor to tribal heads. But this was non traveling tot happen. Over a difference with the local colonial magistrate, he lost his rubric and luck. Because of this event, they were forced to travel tot Qunu. This was an even smaller small town so Mvezo and lay in North of it. The small town was n’t developed by far. There were n’t any roads, merely some foot waies. The household lived in huts and could merely afford the local crop to eat. This consisted corn, sorghum, Cucurbita pepo and beans. Water could merely be fetched from springs and watercourses and cookery was done outdoors. Mandela ‘s household had a truly heard clip, but he himself could still be a kid. He played games with the other male childs who lived in the small town. Rolihlahla ‘s male parent ‘s friends suggested that Rolihlahla would travel to the Methodist church and so he became the first in his household to go to school. As was the usage at the clip, Rolihlahla got a new first name. This was likely due to significance of his old name: ‘troublemaker ‘ . His instructor told him his new name would be ‘Nelson ‘ . Since so Mandela was no longer called Rolihlahla, but Nelson Mandela. The name of the adult male we know today as a really great adult male in history. When Nelson Mandela was nine old ages old his male parent died of a lung disease. This changed his life dramatically. He was adopted by Chief Jongintaba Dalindvebo, the moving trustee of the Thembu people. Old ages earlier Nelson ‘s male parent had recommended Jongintaba to be made a head. So this was done as a gesture to him. This acceptance meant that Nelson had to go forth the small town Qunu. He moved to Mqhekezweni, the provincial capital of Thembuland. Here was the head ‘s royal abode where Nelson would be populating in the following few old ages. His new household treated him good. Nelson was given the same position and duties as the trustee ‘s two other kids, his boy Justice and his girl Namafu. Nelson besides got instruction. He studied English, Xhosa, history and geographics at a one-room school next to the castle. During his stay in Mqhekezweni, a few senior trustees came to the Great Palace on official concern. It was caused by them that he got so interested by African history. They told him about South Africa. About the manner how the people lived in peace before the white people had arrived. The people of South Africa lived as brothers until the white work forces ruined that bond. The white work forces took all the land for themselves and left nil for its original dwellers. This cognition has had a great influence on his ulterior life. When the male childs in Africa were 16 old ages old, they would do the passage from boyhood to manhood. So would Mandela. This was a ritual every male child would travel through in his life. When it was Mandela ‘s bend, it was n’t an ordinary rite. Most of the clip the rite was something you should be happy about. You were turning into a adult male! But this clip it was n’t that cheerful. The chief talker at the ceremonial, Chief Meliggili, spoke unhappily of the immature work forces as a coevals enslaved in their ain state. Their land was under the control of the white work forces, so they would ne’er hold the power to regulate themselves, he said. Because of this it was non the ceremonial the immature male childs had expected. But at least, Nelson had eventually turned into a adult male! In 1939, the twelvemonth when Nelson turned 18, he went to the University College of Fort Hare. This was the lone residential Centre of higher acquisition for inkinesss in South Africa. You can compare Fort Hare with Oxford or Harvard. Mandela took all the needed classs, but focused on Roman Dutch jurisprudence. This was to fix for a calling in civil service as an translator or clerk. This was the best profession you could obtain as a black adult male. A few hebdomads after Nelson got home from the University College of Fort Hare, the trustee Jongintaba announced he had arranged a matrimony for him. Mandela was shocked and felt trapped. He ran off to Johannesburg, where he had a assortment of occupations. While he was working he besides was finishing his unmarried man ‘s degree via correspondence classs. After this he went to the University of Witwatersrand where he studied jurisprudence. During his survey he became actively involved in the anti-apartheid motion and joined the African National Congress ( ANC ) in 1942. Within the ANC, a little group of immature Africans ( Nelson Mandela included ) bonded together, naming themselves the African National Congress Youth League. They wanted to alter the old tactics of polite petitioning. They wanted to make something that was effectual. In 1949 the ANC officially adopted the methods of the Youth League. From now on they used methods like work stoppages, civil noncompliance and non-cooperation with the white work forces. Their end was to acquire redistribution of land, merchandise brotherhood rights and free and mandatory instruction for all the black kids. For 20 old ages Nelson directed a run of peaceable, non-violent rebelliousness against the South African authorities and its racialist policies. These runs included the Defiance Campaign in 1952 and the Congress of the Peoples in 1955. But non everything was condoned. In 1956 Mandela and 150 others were arrested, but besides instantly acquitted. During this period, a new organisation was formed, the Africanists. Another group of black militants, but who disagreed with the methods of the ANC. They thought it was uneffective. By 1959 the ANC lost much of its support, because of the Pan-Africanist Congress. The new name of the Africanists, who had grown in figure of back uping people. Mandela, who was ever committed tot non-violent protest, began to believe otherwise by 1961. He believed the lone manner to accomplish alteration was armed battle. Because of this new idea he co-founded Umkhonto we Sizwe, besides known as MK. This was an armed outgrowth of the ANC. It was formed to stop apartheid utilizing guerrilla war tactics and sabotage. He organized a three-day national workers work stoppage in 1961, which led to his apprehension in 1962. He was sentenced to five old ages in prison for the work stoppage. But this was n’t the concluding determination. He was brought to test once more in 1963, where he and ten other ANC leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment for political offenses, including sabotage. Mandela was imprisoned on Robben Island. Here he received the lowest degree of intervention because of the fact that he was a black political captive. However, Mandela spent a portion of his imprisonment rather good. He earned a Bachelor of Law degree through a University of London correspondence plan. About everyone in the universe knew Mandela by so. He was a symbol of black opposition. Mandela got much international support, but this was n’t that helpful for him. The South African authorities kept him locked up on Robben Island. Mandela did n’t remain on Robben Island. In 1982 he and the other ANC leaders were moved to Pollsmoor Prison. This was to enable contact between the captives and the authorities of South Africa. Many offers were made to Mandela. So offered president P.W. Botha in 1985 Mandela ‘s release in exchange for abdicating armed battle, but this offer was rejected. The force per unit area continued to lift. Not merely local, but besides international. In 1989 Botha suffered a shot. Because of this he was replaces by Frederik Willem de Klerk. This alteration of president led to the release of Mandela in 1990. Not merely this had changed. The ANC were unbanned, the limitations on political groups were removed and executings were suspended. Mandela did n’t desire foreign powers to interfere. He stated a committedness to work toward peace. But he did n’t stop the armed battle of the ANC. This would go on until the black bulk received the right to vote. In 1991 Mandela was elected president of the ANC. He kept negociating with president De Klerk. He still wanted multi-racial elections. The white people were willing to portion the power, so that was n’t the job. The job was that many black Africans wanted a complete transportation of power. The dialogues were frequently really labored and there were a batch of violent eruptions trough the whole state. Besides Mandela played a function in the agitation of the land. He made certain the presentations and armed opposition went on, to put an even heavier force per unit area on the South African authorities. Mandela ‘s tactics led to success. On April 27, 1994, the first democratic elections were held in South Africa. A few months subsequently, on May 10, 1994, Mandela ( who was 77 old ages old ) was chosen to be the state ‘s first black president. De Klerk was became his first deputy. Nelson and de Klerk won the Nobel Prize for Pease in 1993, for leveling apartheid. Mandela published his autobiography ‘Long Walk to Freedom ‘ in 1994. Much of this book had he, in secret, written while he was in prison. Mandela worked while he was president on the relationship between the black and the white people. He used the state ‘s enthusiasm for athleticss for this. He encouraged the black work forces to back up the white work forces with their athleticss, in peculiar Rugby. And so he encouraged the white work forces to back up the black work forces with their athleticss. This led to Mandela ‘s end, a better relationship between those to groups. Not merely did he work on this, he besides worked on the state ‘s economic system. He protected it from prostration. Mandela had formed a Reconstruction and Development Plan, which led to the creative activity of new occupations, lodging and basic wellness attention. In 1996 he signed into the jurisprudence of South Africa that everyone was equal to each other and that everyone had the right to vote. In 1999 Mandela retired from active political relations. He still maintained a busy agenda. He had founded his ain organisation: the Mandela Foundation. This foundation built schools and clinics in South Africa. He besides published a figure of books. Those were about his life and battle. Mandela was diagnosed and treated for prostate malignant neoplastic disease. Three old ages subsequently, in June 2004, he announced his formal retirement from public life. He returned to his native small town of Qunu. This was at the age of 85 old ages. In July 2007, Mandela convened a group of universe leaders in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Among them Graca Machel, Desmond Tutu, Kofi Annan, Ela Bhatt, Gro Harlem Brundtland, Jimmy Carter, Li Zhaoxing, Mary Robinson and Muhammad Yunus. They named themselves ‘The Elders ‘ . This group wanted to happen solutions to jobs around the universe. The fought for peace, adult females ‘s equality, an terminal to atrociousnesss and democracy. Mandela besides fought against AIDS. This disease killed his boy, Makgatho Mandela in 2005. Mandela was married three times. To Evelyn Ntoko Mase from 1944 boulder clay 1957, they had four kids. From 1958 boulder clay 1996 he was married with Winnie Madikizela-Mandela with whom he had two girls. He ‘s now married to Gra A ; ccedil ; a Machel since 1998. A closer expression to his actions How to cite Nelson Mandela And His Life And Work History History Essay, Essay examples

Concert Critique free essay sample

The Contras String Quartet For my concert critique I went to see The Contras String Quartet. They performed in a room at Saint Marry School. The room was beautiful with paintings of composers all over the walls and eighteenth century dcord. The audience was composed of approximately 50 people, as I do not believe the room could hold many more, and was mainly comprised of mature ladies and gentlemen. They were educated musical listeners with a lighthearted attitude. The quartet was built with four ladies and gentleman, all from different countries. They explained during the show that they try to play music from their home countries, so the concert was arranged with pieces from Russia and Japan. The first piece was String Quartet in E-flat, Pop. 33 No. 2 By Franz Joseph Haydn. In the program joke was written in quotations beside the name of the song, and after hearing it, I understood why. Kiev Marcus and Will B are incredible violinists with a rare talent that nobody can recreate. There chemistry on stage together rivaled that of the chemistry of some of the greatest groups such as Rolling Stones, The Beetles, or even the IP-hop legends The Www Tang Clan.You could really tell they have been playing together for 12 years. The real show began when they decided to perform some of their own music. When they played their song Brandenburg (I looked up their music after the show and found out all the names) I really became a fan of their music. The violins along with the DC scratches and drum kits used on the track are sensational; it was like I witnessed a musical masterpiece being created before my very eyes. The sounds the violins created sounded similar to those of large orchestra groups playing at an Opera House.They not only use violins, Im guessing they add the snares and kicks with the help of a drum machine. The violin duo attacked the music with such precision and elegance, that it had me closing my eyes and bobbing my head, is was like I was experiencing a personal concert. Brandenburg was and is my favorite piece by them. There other music reminded me a lot Of watching a ballet dance elegantly move on Stage and create poetry with her legs. Was standing in complete shock the whole concert, taken away by the constant arm movements that seemed to never stop and just kept surprising me one song after another. The concert was incredible and I recommend it to anyone and everyone. People need to experience Black Violin and everything they have to offer. They express a positive message trying to reach out to the children of the world to help them recognize that all types of music can be brought together to make unbelievable musical energy and blow people away. I wouldnt say that Black Violin is not completely unrelated to the music we have studied so far in class. The violins definitely have the classical sound in them and sometimes have the same vibe and rhythm to them, for example the Symphonies Fantastical is what Black Violin goes for.To say I am just glad that I attended the Black Violin has been nominated for the biggest understatement of the year. I am now in live with Black Violins music and since the concert I have purchased their CD from I-tunes and keep it in heavy rotation on my pod. Was most impressed with the violins and the duos ability to replicate hip-hop music and actually make it sound fantastic. Their ability to make the violin cool is what blows me away. Before this concert I would have laughed at someone for going to a concert with a violin as the musical instrument of choice.I was not disappointed at all during the concert, instead constantly blown away every time a new song was played. The only thing that would have made it better was if the concert was extended and they played some of the other hits they have on their CD. Overall Black Violin was the best concert have ever attended but I am not sure if that is because went in expecting nothing or if the group is actually that good. They capture the crowd right away and have you on you heels for a violin reallocates that takes you from the birthplace of hip-hop to the orchestra grand concerts played during Beethovens era.

Polar Vs. Brown Bear Essays - Bears, Polar Bear, Brown Bear

Polar Vs. Brown Bear There are eight different species of bears found throughout the world: the spectacled bear, the Asiatic black bear, the brown bear (including grizzlies), the polar bear, the sun bear, the American black bear, the sloth bear and the giant panda. Even though most people can distinguish a polar bear from a brown bear by the color of the fur, a lot of people fail to identify all the differences among those two species. Both bears can be perceived as large, clumsy and lumbering beasts with heavily built bodies but short legs, necks and tails. Both of them have rounded ears and noticeably small eyes relative to their large body size. While both of the bears belong to same family, they have several profound differences. They live in different geographical areas, differ in amount of the population, size, physical features, some eating habits, and their behavior toward human beings. The polar bear is found in all of the polar regions of the entire northern hemisphere. This includes Russia, Norway, Greenland, The United States and Canada. Their preferred habitat is in the area where the northern seas meet the shoreline. In this area, there is a constant freezing and thawing of the ice. It is estimated that there are currently somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000 polar bears. The polar bear is the largest member of the bear family, weighing in at between 440 and 1760 pounds with overall body length 11.5 feet. It can grow much larger, however. In fact, there is a record of an adult polar bear weighing over 2200 pounds. Polar bears have a distinctive all white fur which is important camouflage when hunting on the ice pack. Their actual color of the skin is black which is thought to be an adaptation for better heat retention. Compared to the other bears, the neck of polar bear is much longer. This makes it easier for them to keep their heads above water when swimming. Like those of other bears, the ears of the polar bear are round. They are, however, smaller and closer to the head. This also helps the animal to be an exceptional swimmer. The forepaws on a polar bear are very large. With a diameter approaching 12 inches and partial webbing between their toes, polar bears are able to use their front feet much like paddles to propel them rapidly through the water. Polar bears are excellent swimmers. They are able to swim distances greater than 60 miles without a pause to rest, maintaining average speed of 6 miles per hour. On land, they are not as quick as brown bears and appear to have traded off speed for their extremely massive forelegs which they use to break through seal dens and to flip a large seal out of the water. Polar bears have also developed large stomachs with a capacity of more than 150 pounds of food. Their digestive system is also more adapted for processing meat than plant material because they are almost exclusively meat eaters. While out on the ice, their diet consists mostly of marine mammals such as the ringed seals, bearded seals and occasionally a walrus or narwhal. Also, in keeping with their carnivorous nature, the canine teeth, used for seizing and holding prey, are longer, sharper and spaced wider apart than in brown bears. Polar bear are at the top of the arctic food chain with no natural enemies. Because of that, compared to other bears, polar bears are the most aggressive and more willing to consider humans as a prey. In other words, when they see a human, they see a walking meal. Consequently the person attacked is usually killed unless the bear is killed first. The most carnivorous, they are also the most patient and determined all of bears. In some instances they may follow a person for hundreds of miles in order to hunt him down. Out of eight species polar bear is considered to be the most dangerous to human beings. The brown bear has the most widespread distribution in the world of any of the eight bear species. They are found throughout most of the northern hemisphere including North America and Eurasia. Their preferred habitat includes mountain forests,

Free Essays on Booker T Washington

that constitutes the Atlanta Exposition Address. I know that as a Christians we are supposed to turn... Free Essays on Booker T Washington Free Essays on Booker T Washington Booker T Washington a very well respected scholar of the African American community was definitely an advocate for the education of the Negro race. While making it evident that education was a necessity to survive, he also made it very clear that he agreed with the â€Å"white man† that Negro’s has a certain place in society, and that, that place was not equal to the â€Å"White Man’s† place. In the eyes of Washington this was perfectly okay because while the Negro race stayed in its place it would slowly begin to build its own economy and completely separate from the â€Å"white† economy. Satisfying the belief that Negro’s should go back to Africa, without actually going to Africa. This ideal is partially revealed in Washington’s â€Å"Atlanta Exposition Address.† In this speech Washington tells the negros and whites to cast down their buckets and get to know their neighbor of the opposite race. In my opinion that was impossible back then. For the simple fact that whites did not agree with the idea of blacks being free therefore there is no way in the world that they would embrace or except the idea of blacks being their next door neighbor. Further Washington states to the whites that if they make an effort to deal with the negros â€Å"then they can be sure that in the future just as it was in the past; that they (whites) would be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding and non-resentful people that the world has seen.† There is no doubt that those were very powerful words. Personally I think that those are words of a coward or a person who wishes to please everyone and that cannot always be done. I definitely agree that everyone should have the opportunity to be educated. But knowing what I have learned about slavery and racism I do not understand how Washington could say, better yet believe the words that constitutes the Atlanta Exposition Address. I know that as a Christians we are supposed to turn...

Habits and Traits of the Painted Lady Butterfly

Habits and Traits of the Painted Lady Butterfly The painted lady, also known as the cosmopolitan or thistle butterfly, inhabits backyards and meadows throughout most of the world. Schoolchildren often recognize this butterfly, as raising these butterflies is a popular science activity in elementary classrooms. Description The aptly named painted lady wears splashes and dots of colors on her wings. The adult butterflys wings are orange and brown on the upper side. The leading edge of the forewing appears black with a prominent white bar and smaller white spots. The underside of the wings is markedly duller, in shades of brown and gray. When the butterfly sits at rest with wings folded together, four small eyespots are noticeable on the hindwing. Painted ladies reach 5-6 centimeters in width, smaller than some other brush-footed butterflies like the monarchs. The painted lady caterpillars are more difficult to identify, since their appearance changes with each instar. The early instars appear worm-like, with light gray bodies and a darker, bulbous head. As they mature, the larvae develop noticeable spines, with a dark body mottled with white and orange markings. The final instar retains the spines, but has a lighter color. The first few instars live in a silken web on a leaf of the host plant. Vanessa cardui is an irruptive migrant, a species that occasionally migrates without regard to geography or season. The painted lady lives year-round in the tropics; in cooler climates, you may see them in spring and summer. Some years, when southern populations reach large numbers or weather conditions are right, painted ladies will migrate north and expand their range temporarily. These migrations sometimes occur in phenomenal numbers, filling the skies with butterflies. The adults that reach the colder areas will not survive the winter, however. Painted ladies rarely migrate south. Classification Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - LepidopteraFamily - NymphalidaeGenus - VanessaSpecies - Vanessa cardui Diet The adult painted lady nectars on many plants, especially the composite flowers of the Asteraceae plant family. Favored nectar sources include thistle, aster, cosmos, blazing star, ironweed, and joe-pye weed. Painted lady caterpillars feed on a variety of host plants, particularly thistle, mallow, and hollyhock. Life Cycle Painted lady butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg - Mint green, barrel-shaped eggs are laid singly on the leaves of host plants, and hatch in 3-5 days.Larva - The caterpillar has five instars over 12-18 days.Pupa - The chrysalis stage lasts about 10 days.Adult - Butterflies live for just two weeks. Special Adaptations and Defenses The painted ladys mottled colors look much like military camouflage and provide effective cover from potential predators. The small caterpillars hide in their silk nests. Habitat The painted lady lives in open meadows and fields, disturbed areas and roadsides, and generally any sunny place that provides appropriate nectar and host plants. Range Vanessa cardui lives on all continents except Australia and Antarctica and is the most widely distributed butterfly in the world. The painted lady is sometimes called the cosmopolite or cosmopolitan because of this wide distribution.

E-commerce Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-commerce Security - Assignment Example The product of GAP is majorly the GAP image. Apart from just selling accessories and clothes, GAP makes huge sales of their own image as well as a trendy upper class environment of shopping. The company has branched out to many other markets like GAP outlet and Baby GAP. The company deals in various clothes of which some are in the stage of maturity with other brand new lines in the stage of introduction. GAP can keep up with the stiff competition online as it continually rolls out varying products to its clients. GAP is influenced by many factors just like other online retail centers. These can be both external and internal factors. They are hence considered when marketing strategy is being created. Today, GAP is trading towards being a driven by brand marketing rather than by creative marketing. GAP as a company experiences various strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The strengths of the company include: effective customer service; quality products; reliable services ; and branching out to the internet. On the other hand, its weaknesses include: the price point; competition from other available stores; and the stuffiness image of the company. GAP Company enjoys varying opportunities from the internet ranging from the stock market prices, and development of the new plan of marketing. However, the threats that are in store for GAP include: the industrial expansion; increasing competition; and high competition in internet shopping. The primary target of GAP is a Caucasian female ranging between 21 and 35 years of age. The male Caucasians of between 24 and 35 years and females lying between 15 to 20 years makes the secondary target market of the company. There are other targets in the online market but those two forms its major targets. The product of the GAP Company include: Baby GAP, GAP outlet, and SKU’s such as Old Navy and banana republic. The company is influenced by internal and external factors such as; competitive forces, economic fo rces, political forces, legal forces, regulatory forces, technological forces, and socio cultural forces (Holmes, 2011). Company history and background The first GAP store was opened by Doris and Donald Fisher on August 21, 1969 in San Francisco, Ocean Avenue. The merchandise of the store was composed of LPs and Levi’s. The Fishers raised about 63,000 US dollars in order to open the store. In about a year, the sales of GAP had grown to 2 million US dollars. A second GAP store was opened in 1970 in California, San Jose, with its headquarters established in Burlingame, California with mere four employees. The company grew rapidly. It had more than 25 stores by 1973 covering up to outskirts of California and entered the market of East Coast with a new online store in New Jersey, Voorhees. GAP began selling private label merchandise in 1974. Drexler Millard led GAP to its phenomenal growth in 1990s due to the transformation of the humble jeans discount emporium. In 2002, Drexler was ousted after an over expansion and slump sales. There was a strong rebound in GAP’

Economic and Social Inequality in the United States Essay - 1

Economic and Social Inequality in the United States - Essay Example America, while promoting liberty and freedom of speech, has been seen as a place where people are afraid of speaking their minds. This can be attributed to the cultural socio-economic history of the nations, with regard to trying to protecting the many ethnic groups which have lewd to a situation where people have to be careful what they say, rest they be in a situation where they are accused of hate speech. The most significant difference between American and European culture is the American consumerism. In the past five decades, American consumerism has been said to increase and it has also been attributed in part to the recent economic crisis. Europeans are seen as shyer with regard to spending and have been seen as more conservative. In line with this consumerism, American has also been seen as too concerned with money as opposed to trying to live more well-rounded lives. In this regard, quality if life matters less as long as one has a fat bank account in America. Americans are not all bad though. In fact, it is considered that Americans are some of the most inspiring people in the world, always seeing their problems as opportunities to do greater things (Katzenstein, 78). This is unlike people from most European countries such as Germany where people live more closeted lives and adventure is not considered as a good way to spend a life. These cultural differences have significant implications, both positive and negative, with regard to the economics of nations and are necessary to study and understand. In order to be able to successfully achieve these objectives, I will need to take Sociology 130AC: Social Inequalities: American Cultures- the course will help me gain a deeper perspective into the historical causes as well as consequences of inequality in the United States.  

Business Feasibility Study†Seventh Heaven Café Essay Example for Free

Business Feasibility Study— Seventh Heaven Cafà © Essay Seventh Heaven Cafe is not only a coffee shop, or rather a place for relaxation. It sells different kinds of coffee, desserts, books and flowers. Customers bring them back or just enjoy them in my shop. Besides, I am good at dealing with problems of Organizational Behavior. I also have great expertise in human psychology and marketing. Therefore, I have the abilities to operate this shop. Seventh Heaven Cafe targets at white collar community and some companies which need flowers to decorate the site of activities. Therefore, it is located at the street corner with elegant environment near transnational commercial corporations in Suzhou. Seventh Heaven has to confront or avoid a number of threats, especially some strong competitors, such as Starbucks, UBC Coffee and DIO Cafe. However my shop has powerful competitive advantages to face the challenges. Additionally, our market-oriented mission is â€Å"make people happy and relaxed in the Seventh Heaven Cafe by provide delicious coffee, warm fragrant memories and dreams from books. † The primary finance objectives are to get first-year sales revenue of 1 million yuan, and break even early at least achieve 3 million RMB in second year. After on track, shop scale and economic benefits will increase year by year. To achieve this goal, we should make sustaining efforts on marketing strategies, such as promotion strategy and price strategy. This new combination coffee shop will be successful and this business idea is worth pursuing. Section 1: Personal Skills, Qualities and Experience I have obtained an MBA degree from the Liverpool University five years ago. After that, I have worked in a local company for four years. Then I came back to my country and planned to do pioneering work. So I have some basic abilities and work experience to operate this coffee shop. I have learned many useful skills and valuable knowledge from university. Firstly, the Organizational Behavior Study covers three levels of analysis, but intertwined, such as individual, group formation and decisions making. So it is practical for me to do the business. Secondly, I was interested in the course of Marketing when I am a student. It has huge effect on my occupational career. However, these courses just are foundation. My work experience background is a critical element for later entrepreneurial career. Nevertheless, I still need some other outside help. About initial capital, it comes from my personal savings (1. 5 million RMB) and my parents’ investment (0. 5 million RMB). In addition, recruitment and selection of good employees is vital part of success. My mother was a senior accountant before, so she could help me manage finance matters. Besides, I also need a first-class barista and a pastry cook, a waitress and a waiter with good looking, as well as a professional purchaser. Section 2: The Business Idea and Market Assessment Product and service Before making decision to start business, I used questionnaire to get and analysis customers’ demand. So Seventh Heaven Cafe is not only a coffee shop, or rather a place for relaxation. It sells different kinds of coffee, desserts, books and flowers. Customers bring them back or just enjoy them in my shop. My coffee shop called Seventh Heaven, this name represents happy, pleasure and relaxed. I want to my customers get out of the pressure and tiredness, enjoy the release of soul and physical relaxation in Seventh Heaven. Relaxation can bring comfortable feeling to you and have benefits to your health. When you come in the Seventh Heaven, you will feel the music in the air washing your spirit and smile of waiters warming your heart. The flowers tinged the air with their light fragrance. At spare time, you could read a good book alone and drink a cup of delicious coffee, or talk with your good friends with some scrumptious snacks. Owning good books, intimate friends and a serene heart, that is a perfect lifestyle. This is something I want to provide to people, enjoy life, and live in the moment. Target market and customers One of our target markets is white collar employees with middle or high income. These people pay more attention on quality of life and have a good consumption level. Another is business customers, which need flowers to decorate the site of activities, parties, events or meetings. Competition However, there are some strong competitors in this market, especially Starbucks. It is the worlds largest coffee shop chain from America. Starbucks enjoyed a higher reputation and strong brand effect in China. There are about 31 Starbucks in Suzhou alone, but some problems are observed in the course of rapid extension. For instance, single and boring of the unchangeable products and service is a big weakness. To the contrary, Seventh Heaven Cafe provides a combination service and products to customers. It is a novel and creative form to attract people. Besides, high quality service and elegant environment are our powerful points of attraction. Sales and marketing strategy To gain more customers, the price of our products is slightly below the Starbucks. Internet advertising and posters are effective for publicity. Furthermore, we use push money and allowance to motivate my employee to increase sales. Critical risk factors Despite of these, some risks still exist, for example some people are reluctant to try something new, or we make losses at early stage. All of budgets are based on the business feasibility study, but there are so many unpredictable changes in the reality, the cash flow may be not enough. Moreover, the shortage and outflow of talent in related field are hidden trouble for the business.

Lakatos and MacIntyre on Incommensurability and the Rationality of Theory-change :: Science Scientific Philosophy Essays

Lakatos and MacIntyre on Incommensurability and the Rationality of Theory-change ABSTRACT: Imre Lakatos' "methodology of scientific research programs" and Alasdair MacIntyre's "tradition-constituted enquiry" are two sustained attempts to overcome the assumptions of logical empiricism, while saving the appearance that theory-change is rational. The key difference between them is their antithetical stand on the issue of incommensurability between large-scale theories. This divergence generates other areas of disagreement; the most important are the relevance of the historical record and the presence of decision criteria that are common to rival programs. I show that Lakatos' rejection of the incommensurability thesis and dismissal of actual history are motivated by the belief that neither are compatible with the rationality of theory-change. If MacIntyre can deny the necessity of dispensing with the historical record, and show that incommensurability and the consequent absence of shared decision criteria are compatible with rationality in theory-change, then Lakato s' argument will lose its force, and MacIntyre will better honor the intention to take seriously the historicality of science. I argue that MacIntyre can dissolve tensions between incommensurability and rationality in theory-change if he is able, first, to distinguish a sense of the incommensurability thesis that preserves genuine rivalry between theories, and second, to show that the possibility of rationality in theory-change depends not on the presence of common decision criteria, but on the fact that traditions can fail by their own standards. After reconstructing and examining the argument, I conclude that the notion of a tradition's "internal failure" is coherent, but that it leaves crucial questions about the epistemology and ontology of traditions that must be answered if MacIntyre's proposal is to constitute a genuine improvement on Lakatos. Although he is not primarily a philosopher of science, Alasdair MacIntyre has drawn on post-Kuhnian methodological reflection in his formulation of an historicist theory of knowledge (1984a: 271) or what his more recent work terms tradition-constituted inquiry (1988: 354). In many respects, MacIntyres traditions are similar to the research programs described in the work of Imre Lakatos (1977). Both thinkers propose a shift in focus from atomic propositions to some type of holism by making an entire theory, or series of theories, the proper object of evaluation. Each argues that the issues investigated by participants in research traditions are not timeless questions, but are crucially shaped by their own problematics. Without devaluing consistency and logical rigor, each supposes that incoherence of a certain sort is the motor of intellectual progress.

Interview Manager Essay

Question : As a store manager where did you struggle when solving problem? Answer : An employee who is difficult to manage, they have the perception that they are not appreciated. They feel that they have not been complimented adequately for work well done. They feel they deserve more attention. Sometimes a difficult-to-manage employee’s behavior is the result of personal problems—an ailing parent, a runaway child, a divorce, or financial difficulties. In this case, I need to show them that I understand their situation. If at all possible, I offer the employee time off or an adjustment in work hours so that he or she can focus on resolving his or her personal problem. However, if the problem is of an ongoing nature and is having a serious negative impact on my workplace, I need to let the person know that some sort of resolution is imperative. If the problem persists, I have a formal, closed-door meeting with the employee and address the most obvious examples of his or her inappropriate behavior in a forthright manner. If an employee remains difficult despite all attempts at building rapport or providing help, I need to make a careful assessment. I will be honest, by simply asking myself, do I simply dislike this employee?, are the difficulties I am experiencing perhaps minor in character? If this is the case, I drop the matter. But if the employee is truly exhibiting behavior problems that seriously disrupt the workplace, I need to take further action. Consider issuing a written warning that details the specific problems as clearly as possible. If, after issuing such a warning, the employee’s bad behavior persists, the only solution is termination. I will consult our company attorney before dismissing the employee. I need to know whether or not I have a strong enough case to withstand a potential lawsuit for wrongful firing. An employee who has been fired for issues relating to difficult behavior is much more likely to sue me than an employee fired due to poor work performance.

Homeworks and Study Guides in English Essay

I rolled myself, patting and searching for the alarm clock with my eyes closed. When I reached it, I turned it off and got myself up to get ready for school. I barged in the bathroom with my still sleepy eyes, washing my face as I put some toothpaste in my toothbrush. Brushing my teeth, I walked in my closet to choose some outfit. After five minutes of choosing, I throw the clothes at the bed then turned to take a bath. I relax myself as I feel the tingling sensation of hot water seducing my whole body. After fifteen minutes of showering, I finally rinsed and walked out of the shower room. Opening the drawer, I got my hair dryer and make-up. I blow my hair for ten minutes then I dressed-up. Glancing at the clock and seeing that I still have time, I decided to put some light make up. After finishing my mascara, I took a step back, glancing at the mirror to take a full look at my outfit before going downstairs. Today was the first day of my senior year at Jacksonville Highschool. I was wearing a white tank top that showed my flat tummy and my piercing, a pink hollister shorts that showed my long tanned legs, and a high cut converse to finish the look. Fully contented with the outfit, I sighed, running my hands through my blonde hair as I walked out of the bathroom. I took my bag which was hanging at the side of my bed and stormed downstairs. When I finally get down, I went straight to the kitchen to grab my breakfast, which is apple and milk. Yay, the perks of being a vegetarian. I found my dad sitting peacefully with a newspaper in his hands, his eyebrows are scrunching. â€Å"Good morning dad† I greeted him, munching my apple. Silence. He didn’t greet me back because he was too preoccupied with the article he’s reading. I frowned and stop to look at the front page, which read â€Å"Boston Bombing†. Oh yeah, the latest news. I rolled my eyes, gulping my fresh milk. After I finished my breakfast, I got up, walking outside to find my mom in the garden watering her so-called â€Å"little daughters†. â€Å"Hey mom† â€Å"Good morning, honey. Have you eaten your breakfast?† â€Å"Yup, I’m finished. So where’s Anna?† I asked, looking around. Annabelle Jacobs is my best friend. She always picks me up in the morning so that we could go to school together. â€Å"Oh, she texted me this morning, she says she’ll be 5 minutes late† I rolled my eyes. I know exactly why she’s late. She always have those lame excuses telling me that her toothbrush got lost, she run out of panties, the flush won’t work, the rats ate her clothes etc. I shook my head at the sudden thought. â€Å"Okay mom.† I kissed her in the cheek. â€Å"I’ll just check on Simon first† Simon is the love of my life. He’s a puppy actually, but whatever. I run at the back, finding my shih tzu stiffing some flowers. â€Å"Heeeeeeeey Simooooon† I cooed in a sweet, girly girl voice while picking him up. I spin him around giggling while his licking my face. Gross I know. After a minute of playing around, I heard Anna’s car pulled up so I put him down and kissed him goodbye. I ran back inside to say one last goodbye to my parents then i ran towards the car as fast as I can. â€Å"Samantha!!!† Anna shouted when I got inside. I smiled at her. â€Å"Hey there! What’s up?†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Do I look like I’ve lose some weight?† She immediately respond. I burst out laughing then I looked at her figure up and down. Annabelle, well Anna, look a lot like me. We have the same weight and height. We’re also popular in a way, but we didn’t like being the center of attention so we stay low. The only difference we have is our hair. She has brown hair while me, well I’m blonde. â€Å"Ugh, you have a perfect figure. Why do you have to work your butt out? And yes, you’ve lost some fats† â€Å"Really? Yay!† She screeched. â€Å"You see, I need to work out because I’m planning to eat a whole box of pizza later† She added. I rolled my eyes. â€Å"Yeah, right. So, what’s the plan?† â€Å"Well, I was thinking that maybe we should go shopping after school. You’ve got your credit card in you, right? She asked. â€Å"Uh yeah, sure. Meet me at my locker around four† I said, finishing the conversation. She parked the car then we walked together inside the school grounds. We made our way to our lockers since our lockers are right next to each other. I opened mine to get my history textbook, -since it’s my first class- switching it with my english. Closing my locker, I said goodbye to Anna, telling her to see me at lunch because we don’t have the same schedule for the first four classes. We waved goodbye to each other and started walking the opposite way. After a minute of walking and goofing around, I’m finally face to face with the door that leads to my first class. I took a deep breath before opening it. Just as I was turning the door knob, a boy passed quickly to get inside first, causing me to fall backwards with the rest of my stuff. â€Å"What the hell† I said in a low voice. I heard him groan in an annoyed voice, then he started walking back towards me, closing the door in the process. â€Å"Hey, no need to swear neighbor† Then it hit me. I looked up, wide eyes to see my oh-so-handsome neighbor aka the most popular boy in school, Spencer Young. You see, I’ve known him since we were young. Our mothers, both Filipina, were married to some Canadian which means we’re half filipino, half american. I also know a lot about him since our bedroom are next- well, let’s just say parallel to each other. I know that he loves switchfoot, the script and matchbox twenty because his room are full of their posters. I also know his favorite book, food and stuffs. And also when I was 14, in my sophomore year, I used to have a little crush on him ever since the first time I saw him half naked walking around his room. But that was freaking before. I got myself up, thinking of shouting at him for his rude manners. But before I do that, he spoke first. â€Å"Sorry about that† He said, pinching both of my cheeks. I was thinking of pushing him back. But I sighed, realizing that we’re already late in class. Instead, I rolled my eyes, ignoring him as I made my way inside the classroom. When we walked inside, the class went full silent at first. Then, they started whispering to each other, probably wondering why their â€Å"Queen Bee† and â€Å"Mr. Popular† are together. Yay, perks of being a popular student. â€Å"Mind explaining to me why you’re both 5 minutes late, Ms. Reynolds and Mr. Young?† Our professor, Mr. Lantican asked. Wow. I didn’t realize it took that long outside. Spencer speaks first. â€Å"Well sir, w-we bumped into each other a-at the hallway† He stuttered. â€Å"And it took 5 minutes? Well done, kids. And good job at lying. Now, as your punishment, I want you both to stay here after class and go straight to the detention room to-† â€Å"WHAT?!† I shouted, startling the whole class. I can’t believe it. I really can’t believe it. This is my first time to get a detention and I know for a fact that I didn’t deserve it. â€Å"No offense sir, but I’m a straight A student and this will greatly affect my grades.† I stopped, catching my breath. â€Å"And just so you know, I have a scheduled meeting with-† I stopped, realizing that i’m pushing the limits. â€Å"Never mind† I gave up, finding the way to my seat. Yeah, detention at the very first day of my senior high. Great right? – Spencer’s POV I stare at her from a good distance. She sits at the front row with some geeky nerds while me, well, I’m at the far left side of the back with Blake Morgan and Nathan Brooks, my bestfriends. I felt really bad that I bumped her earlier. The detention will surely drive her crazy, and it was all because of me. She always makes sure to get perfect A’s, which I couldn’t understand. It’s like she’s going to die if she gets B or lower. I look up at her again memorizing her perfect back features, hoping that I wouldn’t get caught, but i was wrong. â€Å"HOLYSHITBALLS† Blake and Nathan both hissed. â€Å"WHAT?† I said, wincing and rubbing my ears. â€Å"We can tell it dude† This time, it’s just Blake who spoke. â€Å"Ugh. What is it, again?† â€Å"You like her right? I mean, Samantha Reynolds† Nathan spat. â€Å"WHAT?! Oh no, you’re seeing it wrong man.† I spat back. â€Å"Okaaaaaaaaaay, whatever you saaaaay maaaaan† They both sang in a girly voice. I rolled my eyes. It was a misunderstanding. I, Spencer Young, will never stoop that low. Sure, she’s rich, sexy, gorgeous or to make it short, she’s miss perfect. But she’s not really my type. I don’t know though, because in some way, I find her actions weird and cute. My room is facing hers and I can see all of her actions or whatever. Her room is very neat and she always make sure that all her things are in place. She also has a very strict schedule of sleeping, waking up, exercising and eating. Not that I’m stalking her, of course. Anyway, I really don’t understand her. I feel like she’s hiding something even from her next-miss perfect bestfriend, Annabelle Jacobs. And that’s what I’m going to find out. Finally, the bell rang signaling us to our next class. I stand up, eagerly wanting to get the hell out of here before our beloved old teacher call up to me. But then again, I was wrong. â€Å"Mr. Young and Ms. Reynolds can I have a word with you two?† Mr. Lantican asked. I groaned mentally, turning back to face his old crooked face. I saw Samantha glaring at me. Man, was she sexy. I shot her an apologetic look before walking towards Mr. Lantican. â€Å"Yes, Mr. Lantican?† I asked, raising an eyebrow. He took a deep breath before answering â€Å"I want the two of you to be at the detention room at exactly four. Have I made myself clear?† â€Å"Yes sir† We both said. â€Å"Okay, the two of you may go now† He finally dismissed us. â€Å"Thank you, sir.† I said lastly to him then I got out of the classroom. Just as I started to make my way upstairs to my next class, I saw Sam alone leaning at one of the bars, smiling at me. Confused, I made my way to her. â€Å"What’s with the smiling, Sammy?† I asked. â€Å"Thank you, Spence† She suddenly said. I scrunched my eyebrows in confusion. What was that? A while ago, she was throwing fires at me by the way she glares. And now? Man, was she bipolar? â€Å"Fo-for what?† I manage to say. â€Å"I’ve said enough, Spence. I just want you to know that I’m very happy that you save me† She look at me gratefully then suddenly, she kissed my cheek, then left. I was pretty sure that my jaw hit the ground. Samantha’s POV In chemistry, which is my third class, I loiter towards the back of the room, waiting for everybody to file in their seats. Mr. Maruso has this rule that whoever you choose to sit with on the first day of class, becomes your lab partner for the entire year. Needless to say, seat selection is definitely critical. Since the sciences aren’t really my thing, I search around for someone who I think might do well with the laboratory stuffs. I must’ve been busy daydreaming; thinking about what happened earlier because when i look up, they are all paired up. Which leaves me standing awkwardly at the back with my books. Embarrassed, I scan the room until I spotted two empty chairs in front. I made my way there and I can see that my â€Å"suppose-to-be-partner† isn’t there. I wonder if he or she is just late or absent. I sighed heavily, praying in every god that he or she better have some brains or else I’ll be doomed. Five minutes later, Mr. Maruso’s disscussion of ‘safety precautions’ and ‘proper handling of equipments’ was interrupted by a student who just barged in through the room. I turn around to look at my â€Å"partner† which is†¦.. OH BLOODYHELL is that Spencer? Oh great. I forgot that we also have the same class. But really, this can’t be happening. It will be too friggin’ awkward to have him as my partner. Not to mention, FOR THE ENTIRE YEAR. You see, the moment I kissed him earlier, I immediately regret it. I was also shocked. I didn’t know what comes through my mind or what made me do that I REALLY DON’T KNOW. I guess I was just so grateful from the fact that he saved me from the ‘shopping plan’ Annabelle and I were going to have. Shoping isn’t really my thing. Especially with Annabelle. I brought all my clothes, shoes and bags online. And Anna, being Anna, you won’t like it. She was sooo shopaholic. She buys all the possible clothes and shoes she can get. One time, she runs out of money and i’m forced to let her use my credit card. Not that I’m selfish, of course. It’s just that I’m saving some of my money for my own car. Nobody knows about that except Simon. Shaking my thoughts, I look at Spencer again only to find him talking to Mr. Maruso. He was probably saying some crappy excuses or whatsoever. I saw them nodded in agreement then Spencer turned around to look for some seat. Our eyes met as he spotted the empty seat beside me. Oh bloody great. He raised his eyebrows at me, doing his famous smirk that showed his dimples. How cute. He made his way to his chair. â€Å"Hey partner, Sammy† I rolled my eyes. â€Å"Don’t call me that. It sounds gayish† He laughs in a carefree way â€Å"So does Spence† I tried to hide my smile but I couldn’t. Minutes passed and we stopped talking to scribble some notes that our professor told us to copy. As I was writing, I notice him looking down at me whilst playing with my hair. How romantic. I stopped writing. â€Å"What?!† I asked. A little annoyed. â€Å"Nothing. I was just wondering why little miss perfect is bipolar† He said coolly. I gritted my teeth. â€Å"First, I’m not little. We have exactly the same height. And second, I’m not bipolar† He raised an eyebrow â€Å"Oh really? I thought-â€Å" â€Å"Ahem† He was interrupted by a girl. We both turned our heads to see who may that be. Unsurprisingly, it’s Lilly Thompson, one of the oh-so-popular girls. â€Å"What do you want, Lilly?† I asked. This time I was really annoyed. How dare she interrupt us? â€Å"You’re flirting with my boyfriend† She hissed, faking smile. My eyes went wide and I look at Spencer. He too, has the same expression as me. Will someone please tell me what the heck is happening? â€Å"Pardon me? I don’t even know you† Spencer spat. I turned to look at Lilly, who was faking hurt. â€Å"What do you mean? We chatted on facebook last week and you ask me to be your girlfriend. Don’t you remember?† She asked in a flirtatious way. Someone give me a bucket Spencer raised an eyebrow. â€Å"Well, that isn’t me. Nathan and Blake knows my password. They’re the ones who probably ask you out. Besides, I haven’t open my account for ages. You should go and ask them.† He sighed. Lilly was close to tears. â€Å"So you mean, I don’t stand a chance to be with you?† She said in a weak voice. This time I interrupted. â€Å"You slut, will you please cut the act? Just look at him. This-† I gestured at spencer’s body. â€Å"-is the definition of perfect. And you? You’re just a whore who has nothing to do but to seek attention.† I finished. Out of the corner of my eye, I can see Spencer smiling at me. I ignore him as I gave Lilly the death glare. But this time, she looked angry as hulk â€Å"You bitch!† She shouted, causing some students to look at the three of us. â€Å"Is there a problem?† Mr. Maruso asked. I turned to answer him â€Å"Oh yeah, there’s a snake wandering around here. Poor snake, SHE probably doesn’t know where she belongs.† I fake crying, causing the whole class to errupt in laughter. I smiled proudly to myself. Good job, Samantha! At that moment, the bell finally rang. Talk about being saved by the bell. I quickly grab my things, said a quick goodbye to Spencer, then I hurried to the door to meet Annabelle at the cafeteria. When I got there, everyone at the school had already heard about the confrontation. Yeah, news travels fast in Jacksonville Highschool. I saw Anna already buying her lunch so I catch up next to her in line. â€Å"Yo anna† I said while putting a carbonara, salad and a boxed milk at my tray. â€Å"Hey there, Sam. Soooo, fighting with Lilly huh?† She asked, waggling her eyebrows. I rolled my eyes. â€Å"She made me do it† I said, finishing the conversation. After paying the bill, we made our way to our table which is located at the far side of the cafeteria. Our table is the circle one with the four silver chairs. Actually, it’s just the three of us who sits there. Me, Annabelle and our boy-bestfriend, Max Carter. We found him already sitted, stuffing sandwich in his mouth. When he notice us, he greeted us with a smile. â€Å"Yo girls! So how’s the two queen coping up?† He asked. Anna raised her eyebrows † Coping up? Haha, we’re fine.† â€Å"As always† I added, winking at him. Time passed and we’re already finished with our lunch. Max started telling us some jokes which cause Anna and I to laugh hysterically. That is until Spencer Young decided to come at our table to remind me of the detention. â€Å"I know† I said, giving him the death glare and signaling for him to leave before I pull out both of his mighty eyeballs. Thankfully, he obeyed and left. Slowly and carefully, I turn to face the now angry Anna who was looking at me with an intense glare. â€Å"I-i’m sorry, anna† I stuttered. I was looking at the floor, twiddling my fingers. I was waiting for her to shout at me but instead, she put an arm around my shoulder, looking worried. â€Å"What happened?† She asked. â€Å"You know that this is your first time getting a detention right?† I nodded. â€Å"Well, Spencer and I were late and Mr. Lantican got mad† I explained. â€Å"This is unfair† She said. â€Å"What about our shopping?†She raised an eyebrow. Great. I really expected that. I was thinking of shouting at her, telling her that she has so many freaking goddamn clothes. But instead, i come up with an idea. â€Å"Well, Max will be honored to accompany you† I said, smirking at Max. Max widened his eyes in horror. â€Å"I AM NOT GOING NEAR THE VICTORIA’S SECRET!† He shouted dramatically causing all of us to laugh again. â€Å"I guess we’ll just go shopping on friday night then† Anna said. I rolled my eyes. â€Å"Yeah, sure.† NOTE: On friday, make sure to forget my credit card at home. Spencer’s POV After lunch, i made my way to the locker room to change for the basketball practice. I flicked the combination to my locker and opened it. Just as I was grabbing my clothes, Blake came up behind me. â€Å"Spencer! You ready?† He asked. â€Å"Yeah, give me a second to change† I said, going inside the comfort room. Seconds later, I got out of the comfort room, completely dressed. I grab a bottle of cold water and started gulping. I need to stay hydrated. â€Å"So, do you like her too?† Blake suddenly asked. I scrunched my eyebrow in confusion. â€Å"What are you talking about, man? â€Å"Are the two of you going out now? He asked again, ignoring my question. I glared at him. â€Å"Who exactly are we talking about, blake?† I spat. â€Å"Uh, Lilly Thompson.† He said nervously. Huh? Who is Lilly and why are we talking about her? I don’t care about her, duh. Then it hit me. â€Å"YOU!† I shouted. â€Å"It was you who chatted her!† He rubbed the back of his neck. â€Å"Sorry, man. It’s just that-† â€Å"Let me guess† I interrupt him. â€Å"You like her. Am I right?† He nodded. â€Å"Yeah. I really liked her since we were sophomore. I know a lot about her and i know that she likes you so much. That’s the reason i used your account without permission. To be able to talk and ask her out† He finished. I sighed. â€Å"I forgive you, man. But i won’t trust you anymore. I’m going to change my password the moment i got home.† I joked, then i continue. â€Å"You shouldn’t be ashamed to ask her out, Blake. I’m sure she’ll like you† I said, finishing the conversation. â€Å"Thanks, man† He said, punching my arm lightly. We made our way to the court where Nathan was. We saw him sitting and waiting impatiently, spinning a ball in his thumb. When he saw us, he shouted. â€Å"You two! What took you so long?† He asked in an annoyed voice. I faked sigh. â€Å"Sorry, nate. We can’t take it anymore.† I replied, smiling flirtatiously to Blake. Blake just laughed while Nathan, realizing what i’m talking about, gave us a dirty look. â€Å"You’re both disgusting† He said. â€Å"But you love us† I cooed, patting his shoulders. â€Å"Come on, let’s play† Somehow, we managed to play smoothly for one and a half hour. When were finished, the three of us jogged our way back to the shower room, dying for a cold shower. When we’re finished with our cold showers, we separate ways to go to our last class. I check my schedule to find out what class am i having. French. Oh oui, mon sujet favori! Just as i was making my way, i remember something. Something that i’ve been dreading to know. I turn around, running downstairs to catch up with Blake. I saw him making his way to the registrar’s office. â€Å"Blake!† I shouted. He turned around. â€Å"Huh?† He asked, confused. I ran towards him. â€Å"I have a question† I said, panting. He laughed. â€Å"Is it that important that you have to-† â€Å"Why Lilly?† I interrupted. He looked at me, startled. â€Å"What do you mean, man?† He asked, raising an eyebrow. I sighed. â€Å"What made you like her?† I asked again. He just look at me blankly for a couple of seconds. Finally, after realizing what i meant, he let a huge sigh of relief. â€Å"Okay, fine. You see spencer, you wouldn’t just want to know the outside, aren’t you?† He asked and I nodded. Then he continue. â€Å"Think about it. For you to know the person completely, you have to also see the inner beauty. For every person in this world, there’s a reason why they’re like that. There’s a reason behind why their attitudes and personalities are like that. That’s why we should not judge first.† He said, looking at me sadly. â€Å"You know, I always thought that Lilly will be always like that. People keep saying that she’s a bitch, a slut, a whore, an attention seeker but you know what, spencer? In my eyes, i see her differently. The minute i saw her at the orphanage playing with the little kids, man, i was lovestruck. I didn’t expect that, especially from a Lilly Thompson. She’s a type of girl who would change her attitude so that people will not recognize her nor to be able to see through her. That’s what made me like her, spencer.† He finished, smiling mostly to himself. I was pretty sure that there were tears forming in my eyes. Gayish i know. â€Å"I, uh- thanks a lot, blake. And, good luck.† I stuttered, patting his back. â€Å"No worries† He shrugged. I checked my watch. Three minutes till the last bell. â€Å"Uh, spencer?† Blake called. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Always remember, don’t judge the book by it’s cover. And, if you like someone, learn to love her flaws first.† He finished, then he left. Samantha’s POV I stared at the clock, counting the time in my head. â€Å"56†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"57†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"58†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"59†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"RIIIIINNNGGGG!† Shoot. I got up as fast as I could then hurried my way towards the door then down the stairs. Great, I thought to myself. It’s just a detention, Sam. Calm down. It’s just a detention†¦. just a detention†¦ Just a fuc- â€Å"SAM!† Someone shouted, taking me into realization. I stopped in my tracks to find whoever who was calling me. I saw Spencer waving at me frantically, gesturing the way to the detention room. Right. What the hell am I thinking and why am I walking the other way?! I shrieked, thinking to myself. I made my way to Spencer who was now laughing like there’s no tomorrow. Embarrassed, I tried to cover up. â€Å"Why are you laughing?† I asked, faking innocence. He stifled some laugh. â€Å"You looked a little.. lost. Do you really study here? Why are you walking the other way? You do know that the detention room is here, right? He asked, pointing to the room. â€Å"Who said that I was going there first?† I asked, keeping my face blank. â€Å"Where were you going, then?† He asked, challenging me. â€Å"To the ladies room† I said confidently, hoping he’d buy it this time. He just stared at my blankly. Then he started laughing. Harder and louder this time. â€Å"Samantha! HAHAHAHAHA! You’re f-fucking hi-hilarious! The la-dies room i-is upsta-irs!† He manage to say between laughs. My mouth formed a small ‘o’ as I realize that he was right. I was left utterly speechless and really embarrassed. I can feel my cheeks turning bright red. I look up at him and he’s still laughing. This time, with no noise coming out. â€Å"Are you done making fun of me?† I asked, raising my eyebrow. He finally stopped laughing, clutching his hard-abs stomach as he spoke. â€Å"Yeah. You didn’t tell me you’re a good comedian, Sam.† I rolled my eyes. â€Å"I know right? It’s one of my hidden talents.† â€Å"Absolutely right. By giving me a good laugh everyday, I won’t have to work out anymore.† He waggled his eyebrows at me. I smiled. This man surely made my day. Who would have thought that Mr. Spencer Young is like that? Maybe, if we hang out a long time ago, we would be bestfriends by now. And did I mention that he looked hot in his outfit? From v-neck to skinny jeans, perfect. â€Å"Are you done checking me out?† He asked, gesturing to his body. I rolled my eyes and started walking towards the detention room, worry and nervous free. As we walked inside, we realized that we’re not the only ones who got detention. We saw a girl and a boy -probably freshman- lurking around the room waiting for Mr. Lantican. At last, he came inside, holding a cup of coffee and a large notebook in his hands. We all stand up to greet him. â€Å"Good afternoon, sir.† â€Å"Good afternoon, kids.† He replied. â€Å"Now, I will group and assign you all to your works† He said, looking and flipping through the notebook. â€Å"Let’s see†¦ Luke and Miley†¦ both of you will be at the movie room to fix all the cd’s and equipments† He finally said. The two student nodded, then left. â€Å"As for you two†¦-† He said, looking at us intensely. â€Å"-I’ll be assigning you to the library to fix and rearrange some books. You may now proceed† He finished, then left. I made my way to the library with Spencer, eager to finish the task. We stormed downstairs, taking a left to the library. When I opened the door, we were surprised on how messy it was. You’ve got to be kidding me. We can’t finish this in one hour â€Å"What happened here?† Spencer asked. â€Å"I don’t know† I said, stretching. â€Å"Let’s get working.† *After one hour* â€Å"Woooooh!† I shouted, wiping my head with the back of my hand. We’ve been cleaning for an hour, throwing and stacking some books here and there. Spencer isn’t much of a help though. While I was working my butt out, rearranging some books, he thought it would be fun to just sit there and draw some silly faces on the book covers. But somehow, thankfully, we’ve managed to clean the library. When we’re contented with our work, we turned the lights off then we headed out of the school. â€Å"Uh, Spencer? I asked, realizing something. â€Å"Yeah?† He replied whilst looking at his watch. â€Å"I-uh, would you give me a lift? I mean, Anna is usually the-† â€Å"No problem, milady† He interrupted. I smiled at him. â€Å"Thanks.† As I got up to his car -which is a grey Porsche carrera gt- I pulled out my phone and saw that I have two messages coming from Anna and mom. I opened mom’s first: ‘Honey, where are you? You didn’t tell me you’re going to be late’ I immediately hit the reply button: ‘Sorry, mom. Just got detention. I’ll explain it to you later, love you.’ After sending, I read Anna’s message: ‘How’s detention with Mr. Young? ;)’ I smiled, typing: ‘We’ve been asked to clean the library. I hate to admit it, but it’s fun. Never thought Mr. Young has a great sense of humor ;)’ I hit the send button then I put my phone back in my pocket. Minutes passed and I started to feel some ‘awkwardness’ so I decided to play some music. I reached for the Switchfoot album, then pushed the CD inside. I stared at the window just as while â€Å"You† was playing. Great. I look like an emo There’s always something in the way†¦ There’s always something getting through†¦ But it’s not me, it’s you†¦ At exactly 6:00 pm, Spencer pulled up in front of my house. I thanked him and waved goodbye, then he left. I sighed heavily, thinking of the very tiring day. I pushed myself to the door and I walked inside. â€Å"Moooom?† I shouted, looking for her. â€Å"At the kitchen!† She shouted back. I made my way to the kitchen, dropping my bag at the bottom of the stairs as I walked by. â€Å"MOM!-† I immediately talk. â€Å"-I’m so sorry. I didn’t mean to be late in class, I swear it won’t happen again and I just want you to know that I’ll still be getting straight A’s and also-† â€Å"Samantha! Calm down! We’re not mad, okay?† She interrupted. I scrunched my eyebrows in confusion. â€Å"Huh? Why are you not mad? You’re supposed to be shouting at me for letting you down.† I said in a weak voice, tears starting to fall. â€Å"Shhh, Samantha. Don’t ever think about that. Actually, your dad and I were happy that it happened. You’re experiencing the things you’ve never experience before. We’re so proud of you, honey.† I stopped crying then I studied her face. Was she serious? Things that I’ve never done before? That would be parties, drinking alcohol, taking drugs and†¦ sex. I stared at her in horror. â€Å"Sam, are you okay?† Mom asked, waving a hand to my face. She must have noticed that i’m not breathing. I came back into realization. â€Å"Uh yeah, mom. I’m just.. tired. I should go up and change now† I said, kissing her cheeks. I walked pass the dining room, grabbing a banana to calm myself down. I picked up my bag and jogged my way upstairs. Just as I was about to walk inside my room, my father appeared in the hallway â€Å"Your mom’s right, Sam. You should live your life the way you wanted.† He said, holding back tears. I just nodded then I locked myself inside the room.

Important Tips For Personal Statements

Important Tips For Personal Statements As someone who has written many personal statements for college applications, I know firsthand how mind-numbing and frustrating the process can be. That is why I would like to take this opportunity offer some suggestions and writing tips for personal statements. Hopefully after reading the following paragraphs, the idea of writing a personal statement for your college of choice wont seem so intimidating. In my opinion, the most important tip for writing personal statements is to give yourself plenty of time. Allowing several weeks or even months in which to write your essay means that you can afford to take your time and compose an excellent composition. The worst thing you can do is wait until the last minute to write your personal statement. Doing so will almost guarantee frustration, disappointment, and a mediocre final product. Another excellent tip that I advise when writing your personal statement is to create many drafts. As each draft of your personal statement is most likely an improvement on the last, it cant hurt to write as many drafts as possible until you are absolutely satisfied with your paper. Then, after you feel you cannot make any more corrections, send your personal statement to a professional editor for final polishing. Although the above tips might seem elementary, committing to them will drastically improve the overall quality of your paper. If you would like some more tips for personal statements or if you would like additional information on college admissions essays, please dont hesitate to access the link provided. This link will direct you to an excellent online resource for admissions essays.

Automobile collision with serious injury

Nurses have for many years been awarded the top ranking in opinion polls about which occupations are most trusted by the general public. Some people might opine that nursing duties only relate to clinical settings and they tend to focus only nurse-patient relationship. Duties of the nurse exist only within the parameters of the hospital. Some might even argue that such intervention in roadside emergencies can get a nurse into legal complications. But then, nursing is a profession that the public depend on for support and care especially in emergency situations. Historically, nurses have been associated with emergency responses. In early times, even though nurses were not as much educated and trained as the nurses of today, they offered their nursing services with great dedication and motivation. They were known for their self-sacrificing nature and offering a human touch that says â€Å"I care.† Nursing history is replete with examples of nurses who have knowingly incurred great risk in order to care for those in need of nursing or to contribute to the advancement of health science. In the United States, the Civil War is cited regularly for the role of volunteer nurses and for the stimulus it gave Clara Barton to organize the American Red Cross, which she eventually accomplished in 1881 (Williams, 2003). That humane touch has been characteristic of the nursing profession. The first plank of the Code for Nurses states â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† This central axiom of respect for persons directs the profession (ANA, 1994). The nurse is not at liberty to abandon those in need of nursing care. According to Gebbie and Qureshi (2006), â€Å"The fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions†. This means, a registered nurse is obligated to attend to the wounded person in a roadside emergency. According to the Code for Nurses, nurses may morally refuse to participate in care, but only on the grounds of either client advocacy or moral objection to a specific type of intervention. As applied to nursing, a moral obligation exists for the nurse if the following four criteria are present: The client is at significant risk of harm, loss, or damage if the nurse does not assist; The nurse’s intervention or care is directly relevant to preventing harm; The nurse’s care will probably prevent harm, loss, or damage to the client; The benefit the client will gain outweighs any harm the nurse might incur and does not present more than an acceptable risk to the nurse (ANA, 2006). In the case of the roadside accident, the victims need to be attended to by a healthcare professional. Prompt medical attention by the RN can make a difference between life and death. Moreover, there is no personal risk. Hence there is a moral obligation on the part of the nurse to attend to the vi ctims. Society has come to rely on nursing and to expect that it will rise to the health demands of virtually any occasion. The only problem registered nurses encounter during such roadside interventions is that they may be forced to take decisions beyond those they are qualified for. But then, they can be protected by the Good Samaritan Doctrine which is a legal principle that prevents a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim in distress from being successfully sued for ‘wrongdoing.’ The purpose of this doctrine is to prevent people from refusing to help for fear of legal repercussions if they make mistakes in treatment (Neumann, 2005). The practice of the professional nurse extends beyond the confines of the immediate setting where the nurse practices to the broader environment (AU, 2006). According to a survey of many nurses all respondents claimed to have medical assistance and would do so again, but about half of them would not do so unconditionally. However, no respondent has experienced legal complications from providing medical help though they had â€Å"heard† or â€Å"read† of such cases. Thus, it is the moral obligation of a registered nurse to help any accident victim in an emergency situation. Critique of Journal Article: Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. in the article titled â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies† (September 30, 2006) reviews the beginning of emergency nursing as a specialty. The authors also discuss the 21st century expectations about nursing during unexpected disaster situations and various nursing roles related to emergency care. The article is detailed and has many links to related articles. The article says that both paid and volunteer nurses have played a huge role historically in fighting epidemics, HIV and AIDS. Later, nurses became known for their wartime services. By the middle 20th century, emergency rooms came into being. Today, emergency care has become a nursing specialty. The authors then point to the growth of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Rescue Committee. The role of the nurses in local public health emergencies is highlighted. The authors conclude that nurses have been key players during various emergency situations in the past. In the future, any kind of emergency in the community can impact the public’s health and nurses are needed for prevention, surveillance and response of every type. At the end of the 20th century, national thinking about emergency preparedness led to two important developments: identification of the key competencies needed for effective emergency response, and increased attention to planning for and practicing emergency response. The authors point out that it was necessary for nursing to identify the core abilities needed to become a part of an emergency response team and perform well. Therefore the UG nursing curriculum was adapted by the International Nursing Coalition for Mass Casualty Education (INCMCE) to assure communities that their professional nurses were competent to respond when needed. The article includes tables that list the competencies for public health workers, and the currently available emergency response competency sets applicable to nursing and the sources from which these data can be accessed in their entirety. Today, it has been recognized that there needs to be an inter-agency, interdisciplinary response, and that nearly all emergencies have potential health consequences. The authors conclude that nurses will continue to be key players in the local and national level emergency response as we move through the 21st century and that the fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions. The article is written in chronological sequence and is highly informative. The authors discuss present day trends in detail in the context of the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina. The included tables and references prove to be very useful in understanding the competency sets needed for emergency responses. This article underlines the need for competency in emergency response. This means nurses should be given better basic and continuing education and should be trained to meet such emergency situations through hospitals, public health centers, and community drills. Bibliography: Internet Sources: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Registered Nurses. Occupational Handbook. http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htm AU (2006). School of Nursing: Our Philosophy. http://www.nursing.auburn.edu/about-us/our-philosophy.html Williams, Robyn (2003). ABC Radio National Broadcast: The Ethics of Nursing in the Third Reich. Adelaide Institute. http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/Holocaust/nursing.htm Print and Journal Sources: Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. (September 30, 2006) â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies†OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #11 No. #3, Manuscript 1. Available: www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic31/tpc31_1.htm ANA (1994). Ethics and Human Rights Position Statements. Risk versus Responsibility in Providing Nursing Care. http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/position/ethics/etrisk.htm ANA (2005). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Center for Ethics and Human Rights. http://www.ana.org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303.htm Neumann, Karl (2005). Are you a Good Samaritan. News Share. Nov/Dec 2005. http://www.istm.org/publications/news_share/200512/samaritan.aspx Automobile collision with serious injury Nurses have for many years been awarded the top ranking in opinion polls about which occupations are most trusted by the general public. Some people might opine that nursing duties only relate to clinical settings and they tend to focus only nurse-patient relationship. Duties of the nurse exist only within the parameters of the hospital. Some might even argue that such intervention in roadside emergencies can get a nurse into legal complications. But then, nursing is a profession that the public depend on for support and care especially in emergency situations. Historically, nurses have been associated with emergency responses. In early times, even though nurses were not as much educated and trained as the nurses of today, they offered their nursing services with great dedication and motivation. They were known for their self-sacrificing nature and offering a human touch that says â€Å"I care.† Nursing history is replete with examples of nurses who have knowingly incurred great risk in order to care for those in need of nursing or to contribute to the advancement of health science. In the United States, the Civil War is cited regularly for the role of volunteer nurses and for the stimulus it gave Clara Barton to organize the American Red Cross, which she eventually accomplished in 1881 (Williams, 2003). That humane touch has been characteristic of the nursing profession. The first plank of the Code for Nurses states â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† This central axiom of respect for persons directs the profession (ANA, 1994). The nurse is not at liberty to abandon those in need of nursing care. According to Gebbie and Qureshi (2006), â€Å"The fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions†. This means, a registered nurse is obligated to attend to the wounded person in a roadside emergency. According to the Code for Nurses, nurses may morally refuse to participate in care, but only on the grounds of either client advocacy or moral objection to a specific type of intervention. As applied to nursing, a moral obligation exists for the nurse if the following four criteria are present: The client is at significant risk of harm, loss, or damage if the nurse does not assist; The nurse’s intervention or care is directly relevant to preventing harm; The nurse’s care will probably prevent harm, loss, or damage to the client; The benefit the client will gain outweighs any harm the nurse might incur and does not present more than an acceptable risk to the nurse (ANA, 2006). In the case of the roadside accident, the victims need to be attended to by a healthcare professional. Prompt medical attention by the RN can make a difference between life and death. Moreover, there is no personal risk. Hence there is a moral obligation on the part of the nurse to attend to the vi ctims. Society has come to rely on nursing and to expect that it will rise to the health demands of virtually any occasion. The only problem registered nurses encounter during such roadside interventions is that they may be forced to take decisions beyond those they are qualified for. But then, they can be protected by the Good Samaritan Doctrine which is a legal principle that prevents a rescuer who has voluntarily helped a victim in distress from being successfully sued for ‘wrongdoing.’ The purpose of this doctrine is to prevent people from refusing to help for fear of legal repercussions if they make mistakes in treatment (Neumann, 2005). The practice of the professional nurse extends beyond the confines of the immediate setting where the nurse practices to the broader environment (AU, 2006). According to a survey of many nurses all respondents claimed to have medical assistance and would do so again, but about half of them would not do so unconditionally. However, no respondent has experienced legal complications from providing medical help though they had â€Å"heard† or â€Å"read† of such cases. Thus, it is the moral obligation of a registered nurse to help any accident victim in an emergency situation. Critique of Journal Article: Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. in the article titled â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies† (September 30, 2006) reviews the beginning of emergency nursing as a specialty. The authors also discuss the 21st century expectations about nursing during unexpected disaster situations and various nursing roles related to emergency care. The article is detailed and has many links to related articles. The article says that both paid and volunteer nurses have played a huge role historically in fighting epidemics, HIV and AIDS. Later, nurses became known for their wartime services. By the middle 20th century, emergency rooms came into being. Today, emergency care has become a nursing specialty. The authors then point to the growth of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Rescue Committee. The role of the nurses in local public health emergencies is highlighted. The authors conclude that nurses have been key players during various emergency situations in the past. In the future, any kind of emergency in the community can impact the public’s health and nurses are needed for prevention, surveillance and response of every type. At the end of the 20th century, national thinking about emergency preparedness led to two important developments: identification of the key competencies needed for effective emergency response, and increased attention to planning for and practicing emergency response. The authors point out that it was necessary for nursing to identify the core abilities needed to become a part of an emergency response team and perform well. Therefore the UG nursing curriculum was adapted by the International Nursing Coalition for Mass Casualty Education (INCMCE) to assure communities that their professional nurses were competent to respond when needed. The article includes tables that list the competencies for public health workers, and the currently available emergency response competency sets applicable to nursing and the sources from which these data can be accessed in their entirety. Today, it has been recognized that there needs to be an inter-agency, interdisciplinary response, and that nearly all emergencies have potential health consequences. The authors conclude that nurses will continue to be key players in the local and national level emergency response as we move through the 21st century and that the fundamental goal of nursing, to assist individuals to their highest possible level of functioning in the face of health and illness challenges, is never more needed than under emergency conditions. The article is written in chronological sequence and is highly informative. The authors discuss present day trends in detail in the context of the terrorists attack on the World Trade Center and Hurricane Katrina. The included tables and references prove to be very useful in understanding the competency sets needed for emergency responses. This article underlines the need for competency in emergency response. This means nurses should be given better basic and continuing education and should be trained to meet such emergency situations through hospitals, public health centers, and community drills. Bibliography: Internet Sources: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Registered Nurses. Occupational Handbook. http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htm AU (2006). School of Nursing: Our Philosophy. http://www.nursing.auburn.edu/about-us/our-philosophy.html Williams, Robyn (2003). ABC Radio National Broadcast: The Ethics of Nursing in the Third Reich. Adelaide Institute. http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/Holocaust/nursing.htm Print and Journal Sources: Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. (September 30, 2006) â€Å"A Historical Challenge: Nurses and Emergencies†OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #11 No. #3, Manuscript 1. Available: www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic31/tpc31_1.htm ANA (1994). Ethics and Human Rights Position Statements. Risk versus Responsibility in Providing Nursing Care. http://www.nursingworld.org/readroom/position/ethics/etrisk.htm ANA (2005). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. The Center for Ethics and Human Rights. http://www.ana.org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303.htm Neumann, Karl (2005). Are you a Good Samaritan. News Share. Nov/Dec 2005. http://www.istm.org/publications/news_share/200512/samaritan.aspx